PERBANDINGAN PENDEKATAN BEHAVIORISME, KOGNITIVISME, KONSTRUKTIVISME, DAN HUMANISME TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DI SEKOLAH DASAR/MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Keywords:
behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, humanism, learning outcomes, elementary schoolAbstract
This study aims to analyze the comparison of four major learning approaches behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and humanism and their influence on elementary school students' learning outcomes. The research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method by analyzing various educational theories and empirical studies related to learning outcomes in elementary education. The findings show that behaviorism is effective in shaping basic skills and habits, cognitivism enhances students’ understanding of concepts, constructivism improves critical thinking and problem-solving skills, and humanism contributes significantly to students’ motivation and character development. The study concludes that no single approach is universally superior; rather, an integrative and contextual application of these approaches is most effective in improving holistic learning outcomes in elementary schools.
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