EVALUASI MODEL-MODEL TEOLOGI PENEBUSAN DALAM KERANGKA TEORI DISABILITAS DAN KEADILAN TUBUH

Abstract

The doctrine of redemption in Christian theology often unconsciously presupposes that a healthy and intact body represents the ideal image of redeemed humanity, while the condition of disability is regarded as a deficiency requiring restoration. This assumption is rarely subjected to critical scrutiny, even though contemporary disability theory rejects the view that bodily difference must be eliminated for a person to be considered spiritually whole. This study aims, first, to analyze the normative assumptions about the body embedded within classical and contemporary models of atonement theology; and second, to analyze the contribution of disability theory and body justice in reconstructing a more inclusive model of redemption theology. This research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach, gathering data from scholarly journal literature addressing the intersection of disability theology, redemption doctrine, and body justice, which is then analyzed descriptively-analytically and through critical hermeneutics. The findings indicate that the satisfaction model, the substitutionary model, and the eschatological healing model each carry non-neutral normative assumptions about the body, while disability theory offers the social model, a relational theology of the Body of Christ, and the concept of divine kenosis as pathways toward a more equitable reconstruction. This study concludes that redemption theology needs to be reconstructed from a paradigm of elimination toward a paradigm of participation and body justice, a shift particularly relevant for pastoral counseling practice toward persons with disabilities within ecclesial communities.