TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN DENGAN QAUL, BAHASA, DAN IJTIHAD PARA TABI’IN

Abstract

Tafsir of the Qur’an is an effort to understand the meaning and content of the verses of the Holy Qur’an in a comprehensive way. In the history of the development of tafsir, several methods have been used by scholars. Among them are tafsir based on the opinions of the tābi‘īn, tafsir based on language, and tafsir based on ijtihad. Tafsir based on the opinions of the tābi‘īn refers to interpretations that rely on the explanations of the generation after the Companions of the Prophet. As successors to the Companions, they had close connections to early Islamic teachings and narration traditions, which makes their interpretations important in Islamic scholarship. Tafsir based on language focuses on the study of Arabic grammar and linguistic sciences, such as morphology (ṣarf), syntax (naḥw), and rhetoric (balāghah). This approach emphasizes understanding the structure and style of the Arabic language to interpret the Qur’an correctly. Meanwhile, tafsir based on ijtihad uses rational thinking and independent reasoning, while still following the principles of Islamic law and the foundations of tafsir. This study aims to explain the characteristics, methodological foundations, and contributions of these three approaches in developing Islamic knowledge. These methods support and complement one another in understanding the Qur’an as a whole, making it relevant to different contexts and in harmony with the development of time.