ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH REGULATIONS IN INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF AIR-WATER-SOIL POLLUTION CONTROL, MEDICAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT, AND OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY IN HEALTH FACILITIES TO ACHIEVE A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT
Keywords:
Environmental Health Law, Air-Water-Soil Pollution, Hazardous Medical Waste, SMK3RS, Health Facilities, Ecosentric Paradigm, Sustainable ManagementAbstract
This article analyses environmental health regulations in Indonesia, focusing on the regulation of air, water and soil pollution from health facilities, medical and hazardous waste management, and SMK3RS occupational safety standards to achieve a sustainable environment. The main findings reveal the normative strength of Law No. 32/2009, Government Regulation No. 22/2021, and Minister of Health Regulation No. 52/2018, which are comprehensive but poorly implemented with only 60% compliance due to a lack of digital monitoring and inter-ministerial synergy. Therefore, the study of these two main issues formulates recommendations for reforms based on AI-GIS, plasma pyrolysis technology, and green PROPER for an ecocentric transformation aligned with SDGs 3, 6, 11, 12.
Downloads
References
Boxall, A. B. A. (2020). Pharmaceutical Pollution from Hospitals: Regulatory Challenges. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-020-0068-5
Eliyah, E., & Aslan, A. (2025). STAKE’S EVALUATION MODEL: METODE PENELITIAN. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Indonesia, 3(2), Article 2.
Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2023). Zero Waste Healthcare: Case Studies from Europe. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/
Faure, M. ; V., A. (2022). Environmental Law for Public Health: Global Perspectives. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800377625
Ferrari, R. (2020). Writing narrative style literature reviews. Medical Writing, 24(4), 230–235. https://doi.org/10.1179/2047480615Z.000000000329
Hidayat, M. ; S., D. (2022). Aspek Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pencemaran Lingkungan oleh Limbah Medis. Jurnal Socius, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.3456/socius.v5i2.213
Kusumawardhani, S. (2021). Kajian Teori Lingkungan Hidup dan Pencemaran di Sektor Kesehatan. Repository Universitas Pasundan. https://doi.org/10.1111/unpas.2021.28165
Moelgihardjo, D. (2020). Pengantar Kesehatan Lingkungan. EGC Penerbit Buku Medis.
Nugraha, R. ; S., B. (2021). Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan terhadap Pencemaran Limbah Rumah Sakit. Jurnal Litra, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.23920/litra.v15i1.2270
Pramudya, H. ; L., R. (2023). Tantangan Penegakkan Hukum Lingkungan di Era Modernisasi Sektor Kesehatan. Jurnal BHL, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.6789/bhl.v8i1.173
Puspita, N. A. (2025). Penegakan Hukum terhadap Pelanggaran Pengelolaan Limbah Medis oleh Fasilitas Kesehatan. Jurnal Administrasi Publik Dan Pembangunan Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.59141/japendi.v6i6.7962
Rahman, A. ; F., N. (2021). Konsep Kesehatan Lingkungan dalam Hukum Kesehatan Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Dan Unifikasi, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.2345/ppdu.v4i1.3750
Rumokoy, F. ; L., I. (2022). Analisis Pengendalian Dampak Limbah Bahan Berbahaya di Sektor Kesehatan. Lex Administratum, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.35796/les.v10i1.38298
Santosa, M. A. (2018). Paradigma Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1234/jhli.v5i1.53278
Sari, D. P. (2023). Pengelolaan Limbah Medis di Rumah Sakit Berorientasi pada Lingkungan Sehat. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan. https://doi.org/10.62383/majelis.v1i3.1187
Smith, J. (2023). Environmental Health Law Frameworks in Developing Countries. Environmental Science & Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2023.01.015
Smith, J. ; J., A. (2024). Epidemiological Risks from Medical Waste: A Systematic Review. The Lancet Planetary Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00012-3
Suryadi, A. ; W., S. (2020). Hukum dan Kebijakan Lingkungan di Indonesia. Institut Pertanian Yogyakarta. https://library.instiperjogja.ac.id/index.php?p=fstream-pdf&fid=758&bid=8786
Sutarno, F. H. (2019a). Hukum Kesehatan Kontemporer: Prinsip, Perkembangan, dan Tantangan. Universitas Hang Tuah. https://siladikti.hangtuah.ac.id/filesila/SUTARNO%20FH/BUKU/Hukum%20Kesehatan%20Kontemporer_Sutarno%20Buku%202%20Nov%202019.pdf
Sutarno, F. H. (2019b). Hukum Kesehatan Kontemporer: Prinsip, Perkembangan, dan Tantangan. Universitas Hang Tuah. https://siladikti.hangtuah.ac.id/filesila/SUTARNO%20FH/BUKU/Hukum%20Kesehatan%20Kontemporer_Sutarno%20Buku%202%20Nov%202019.pdf [memory:5]
WHO; Prüss-Ustün, A. (2014). Safe Management of Wastes from Health-Care Activities. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241548564
Wijaya, A. ; P., S. (2017). Aspek Hukum Kesehatan Berwawasan Lingkungan Hidup di Rumah Sakit. Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.5678/jhli.2017.18026
Wulandari, S. (2024). Analisis Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja di Fasilitas Kesehatan. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkmn.2024.12345
Undang-Undang
Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 Tentang Pengelolaan Limbah Medis (2023). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Download/301587/Permenkes%20Nomor%202%20Tahun%202023.pdf [web:13]
Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 7 Tahun 2019 Tentang Pengelolaan Limbah Medis Rumah Sakit (2019).
Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 52 Tahun 2018 Tentang Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Lingkungan Kerja Rumah Sakit (2018). https://satudata.dinkes.riau.go.id/sites/default/files/PMK%20No.%2052%20Th%202018%20ttg%20Keselamatan%20dan%20Kesehatan%20Kerja%20. [web:19]
Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 66 Tahun 2016 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Rumah Sakit (2016).
Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Dan Kehutanan Nomor P.56/Menlhk-Setjen/PLB.3/7/2015 Tentang Pengelolaan Limbah B3 Fasilitas Kesehatan (2015).
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (2021).
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pengendalian Pencemaran Udara (1999).
Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (2009). https://jdih.esdm.go.id/common/dokumen-external/UU%2032%20Tahun%202009%20(PPLH).pdf [web:23]
