TEORI PENDIDIKAN DALAM ISLAM

Abstract

This study aims to analyze educational theory in Islam, encompassing the foundations of Islamic education, the educational thought of prominent Muslim scholars, the objectives of education, and the methods employed in the learning process. Islamic education is understood as a holistic process of human development that integrates intellectual, spiritual, moral, and social dimensions based on Islamic values. The study employs a qualitative approach using library research. Data were obtained from primary sources, including the Qur’an and Hadith, as well as secondary sources consisting of relevant books and scholarly literature, and were analyzed descriptively through content analysis. The findings indicate that Islamic education is grounded in the Qur’an, Hadith, and ijtihad and is oriented toward developing individuals who possess faith, knowledge, noble character, and the capacity to fulfill their responsibilities as servants of Allah and as vicegerents (khalifah) on earth. Al-Ghazali emphasizes moral and spiritual development, Ibn Sina highlights the balanced development of intellectual, moral, and physical dimensions, while Ibn Khaldun stresses gradual learning tailored to learners’ abilities. Islamic education also employs various methods, including exemplary conduct (uswah hasanah), habituation (ta’wid), advice (mau’izah), storytelling (qishah), dialogue (hiwar), and targhib and tarhib. Therefore, Islamic educational theory is comprehensive and integrative and remains relevant as a conceptual foundation for developing knowledgeable, morally responsible, and spiritually conscious learners.