TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE-BASED EDUCATION AS A PILLAR OF INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADAPTIVE, INCLUSIVE, AND SUSTAINABLE LEARNING MODELS IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Keywords:
technology-based education, science, intellectual development, adaptive learning, inclusive, sustainable, digital eraAbstract
This study aims to examine the role of technology and science-based education as a pillar of intellectual development in the 21st century through a literature review approach. Digital transformation has changed the paradigm of education from a conventional model to an adaptive, inclusive, and sustainable learning system. Technology not only functions as a learning tool, but also as a catalyst for the formation of a creative, critical, and innovative knowledge-based society. This study highlights how the integration of technology and science strengthens intellectual competitiveness through expanded access, personalised learning, and the strengthening of 21st-century competencies such as critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and digital literacy. In addition, a conceptual framework for adaptive, inclusive, and sustainable learning models has been developed as a strategic solution to global challenges in modern education. The results of the study show that the successful implementation of this model depends on the readiness of human resources, digital infrastructure support, and progressive and humanistic education policies. Thus, technology- and science-based education not only improves academic quality but also shapes intellectual and social characters that are relevant to the demands of the digital age without abandoning human values
Downloads
References
Ariani, A. (2023). A Systematic Literature Review on Technology-Based Learning Media in ECE to Face Society 5.0 Era. Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(5), 4997. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i5.4997
Ariani, A., & Wenda, D. D. N. (2025). Systematic Literature Review: Digital Technology-Based Policy Approaches in Primary Education. International Journal Education and Computer Studies, 5(2), 4337.
Asad, M. M., Sherwani, F., & Hassan, S. (2024). Innovative Education Technologies for 21st Century Teaching and Learning. CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Innovative-Education-Technologies-for-21st-Century-Teaching-and-Learning/Asad-Sherwani-Hassan-Churi/p/book/9781032148099
Aslan, A., & Azizan, N. (2025). OPTIMALISASI IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA BELAJAR BERBASIS PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF DAN TEKNOLOGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GENERASI SOCIETY 5.0. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY DEDICATION, 4(4), Article 4.
Aslan, A., & Hajiri, M. I. (2025). EDUCATIONAL TRANSFORMATION IN INDONESIA: REVIEWING THE POLICY LANDSCAPE AND LEARNING OUTCOMES. Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE), 5(3), 687–696.
Aslan, A., Hifza, H., Syakhrani, A. W., Syafruddin, R., & Putri, H. (2020). KURIKULUM SEBAGAI AKULTURASI BUDAYA. Santhet: Jurnal Sejarah, Pendidikan Dan Humaniora, 4(1), 1–9.
Aslan, A., & Imelda, I. (2025). EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TECHNOLOGY-BASED LEARNING PROCESSES AND OUTCOMES IN IMPROVING STUDENT COMPETENCE, MOTIVATION, AND ENGAGEMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF DIGITAL ASSESSMENT MODELS IN THE ERA OF EDUCATION 4.0 TRANSFORMATION. Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE), 5(1), 240–251.
Berman, J., Graham, L., & Bellert, A. (2021). Responsive Teaching for Sustainable Learning: A Framework for Inclusive Education. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Responsive-Teaching-for-Sustainable-Learning-A-Framework-for-Inclusive-Education/Berman-Graham-Bellert/p/book/9780367719021
Brooks-Young, S. (2010). Leading 21st Century Schools: Harnessing Technology for Engagement in the Classroom. Corwin. https://sk.sagepub.com/book/mono/leading-21st-century-schools/toc
Crompton, H., & Burke, D. (2023). Sustainable digital learning ecosystems: Challenges and opportunities for inclusive education. Sustainability, 15(12), 9487. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129487
Dede, C., & Mishra, P. (2023). Fostering 21st century competencies through technology-mediated personalized learning. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 55(S1), S45–S62. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2023.2181192
Eliyah, E., & Aslan, A. (2025). STAKE’S EVALUATION MODEL: METODE PENELITIAN. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Indonesia, 3(2), Article 2.
Florian, L., & Black-Hawkins, K. (2022). Technology-enhanced inclusive education: A systematic literature review. Review of Educational Research, 92(4), 543–589. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543221080895
Graf, S. & Kinshuk. (2021). Adaptive learning systems for lifelong learning: Design principles and evaluation. Educational Technology Research and Development, 69(5), 2785–2807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-021-10045-2
Green Pustaka Indonesia. (2024). Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi: Teori dan Implementasi. Green Pustaka Indonesia. https://books.google.com/books?id=LuEPEQAAQBAJ
Guna, B. W. K., Yuwantiningrum, S. E., Firmansyah, S, M. D. A., & Aslan. (2024). Building Morality and Ethics Through Islamic Religious Education In Schools. IJGIE (International Journal of Graduate of Islamic Education), 5(1), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.37567/ijgie.v5i1.2685
Hamid, A., & Aslan, A. (2025). TRANSFORMASI SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN SEKOLAH (SIMS): EFEKTIVITAS, TANTANGAN, DAN SOLUSI DI MASA KINI. Berajah Journal, 5(4), 379–388. https://doi.org/10.47353/bj.v5i4.617
Hidayah, N. & Yuliawati. (2024). SDGs-based adaptive curriculum model to improve education quality. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dan Kurikulum, 26(1), 1–12.
Jiang, B., & Wei, Y. (2025). Toward Trustworthy Adaptive Learning: Explainable Learner Models. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Toward-Trustworthy-Adaptive-Learning-Explainable-Learner-Models/Jiang/p/book/9781032954943
Levy, Y., & Ellis, T. J. (2006). A Systems Approach to Conduct an Effective Literature Review in Support of Information Systems Research. Informing Science Journal, 181–212.
Li, Y., & Wang, J. (2024). Smart education for a sustainable future: Integrating IoT and big data in sustainability-based learning. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(3), 100173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100173
Maftuh, A. (2024). Manajemen Pendidikan Berbasis Teknologi: Inovasi dalam Pendidikan. STIT Darul Ulum. https://studia-ulumina.stitdarkkr.ac.id/index.php/home/article/download/5/5
Maulida, Q. (2024). A Literature Review on Interactive E-Book-Based Learning Media in Science Learning. Inspirasi JPK, 5(2), 163.
Mudzakir, M., & Aslan, A. (2025). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CURRICULUM AND EDUCATIONAL POLICY IN IMPROVING HUMAN RESOURCE QUALITY: A LITERATURE REVIEW. Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE), 5(3), Article 3.
Nisa, H., Aslan, A., & Sunantri, S. (2021). UPAYA GURU PAI DALAM KURIKULUM 2013 DALAM PERSIAPAN PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 16 SUNGAI RINGIN. JURNAL PENDIDIKAN DASAR, 9(2), 219–226. https://doi.org/10.46368/jpd.v9i2.331
Rahman, A., & Aslan, A. (2025). ISLAMIC EDUCATION MANAGEMENT FACING INDUSTRY 4.0 AND SOCIETY 5.0: INNOVATIVE LEADERSHIP TRANSFORMATION STRATEGIES BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) TECHNOLOGY, WEB PLATFORMS, AND VIRTUAL REALITY TO OPTIMISE INSTITUTIONAL PERFORMANCE BASED ON A REVIEW OF THE LATEST LITERATURE. Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE), 5(1), 303–313.
Redecker, C. (2023). Adaptive Strategies for 21st Century Learning: A Systematic Review. Education and Information Technologies, 28(10), 12543–12568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11789-4
Ridwan, R., Aslan, A., & Rona, R. (2025). IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RECIPROCAL TEACHING MODEL TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE ABILITIES AT SAMBAS STATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 2. International Journal of Teaching and Learning, 3(3), Article 3.
Romadhon, R., & Aslan, A. (2025). CURRICULUM FLEXIBILITY IN THE DIGITAL AGE: EFFORTS TO BUILD EDUCATION THAT IS RESPONSIVE TO CHANGE. Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE), 5(3), 622–633.
Sampe, P. D., & Aslan, A. (2025). OPTIMISING STUDENT INTEREST AND TALENT DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INTRACURRICULAR LEARNING OPTIONS AND THEMATIC PROJECTS IN THE MERDEKA CURRICULUM. Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE), 5(3), Article 3.
Selwyn, N., & Hillman, T. (2024). Digital transformation in education: Towards sustainable and equitable learning. Learning, Media and Technology, 49(2), 145–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2023.2288990
Sitopu, J. W., Khairani, M., Roza, M., Judijanto, L., & Aslan, A. (2024). THE IMPORTANCE OF INTEGRATING MATHEMATICAL LITERACY IN THE PRIMARY EDUCATION CURRICULUM: A LITERATURE REVIEW. International Journal of Teaching and Learning, 2(1), Article 1.
Sitorus, L. S. (2025). Literature Review on the Use of Technology-Based Media in Distance Learning. Jurnal Medika, 10(1), 172.
Southgate, E., & Smith, S. P. (2025). AI for Inclusive Learning: A Review of Adaptive Technologies for Diverse Learners. Computers & Education, 215, 105056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105056
Tlili, A., & Shehata, B. (2023). The impact of AI on 21st century skills development in education. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(9), 5678–5695. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1963195
Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st Century Skills: Learning for Life in Our Times. Jossey-Bass. https://books.google.com/books?id=VUrAvc8OB1YC
Trinova, Z., Masuwd, M., & Aslan, A. (2025). INNOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIMODAL LEARNING MEDIA: A LITERATURE STUDY ON THE INTEGRATION OF PRINT, AUDIOVISUAL, AND COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF 21ST CENTURY LEARNING PROCESSES. Review of International Journal Education and School Leadership, 2(1), 37–50.
Viberg, O., & Khalil, M. (2024). Personalised adaptive learning in higher education: A scoping review. British Journal of Educational Technology, 55(4), 1678–1701. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13452
Wageningen, S. G., Kinshuk, & Driscoll, M. (2011). Intelligent and Adaptive Learning Systems: Technology Enhanced Support for Learners and Teachers. IGI Global. https://www.igi-global.com/book/intelligent-adaptive-learning-systems/50521
