JUTEQ: JURNAL TEOLOGI & TAFSIR E-ISSN 3032-7237 adalah jurnal yang menerbitkan artikel penelitian yang mencangkup interdisipliner terkait teologi, kajian agama, sejarah peradaban Islam dan tafsir. Kajian yang terkait pada bidang teologi sepeti Teologi -- teologi sistematika, etika, teologi sejarah, liturgi, teologi praktis, spiritualitas, teologi politik, teologi pasca/dekolonial, agama Kristen dunia, dan lain-lain. Kajian Alkitab; Kitab Suci Ibrani/Perjanjian Lama, Perjanjian Baru, hermeneutika kontekstual, hermeneutika lintas budaya, hermeneutika antaragama, hermeneutika alkitabiah pasca/dekolonial, dan lain-lain. Kajian agama; perbandingan agama, antropologi agama, sosiologi agama, agama dan politik, dan lain-lain. Sementara pada bidang sejarah peradaban Islam berkaitan dengan perkembangan politik, sosial, ekonomi, militer, dan budaya peradaban Islam. Adapun pada bidang kajian tafsir adalah artikel penelitian yang berkaitan juga dengan interdisipliner yang dikaji secara alquran dan juga hadis.
MANUSIA SEBAGAI KHALIFAH, SELFMANAGEMENT DALAM HADITS
This article discusses the concept of humans as khalifah and its connection to self-management from the perspective of the hadith. The findings indicate that the role of humans as khalifah is not only spiritual in nature but also has practical implications in daily life, particularly in self-management and social responsibility. The hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasizes that every individual is a leader who will be held accountable, making self-management the primary foundation for fulfilling this trust. Self-management involves the effective management of time, emotions, and resources. This study is also supported by empirical findings showing that self-management skills contribute to increased productivity and quality of life. Thus, the integration of Islamic values and self-management skills is key to realizing humanity’s role as responsible and effective khalifah.
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INTEGRASI BUDAYA PASIEN DALAM PEMAHAMAN PENYAKIT DAN PENGOBATAN: PERSPEKTIF HADIS DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PELAYANAN KESEHATAN
This study aims to examine the integration of patient culture in understanding illness and treatment from a Hadith perspective and its implications for healthcare services. Using a qualitative approach and a library research method, this study analyzes various scientific literature, including Scopus-indexed journal articles, books on medical anthropology and cultural competence in healthcare, and Islamic sources, particularly Hadith related to health, illness, and treatment. The findings indicate that patient culture significantly influences illness perception, treatment choices, and adherence to medical therapy. In Muslim societies, understanding of illness is not solely based on biomedical explanations but is also shaped by religious beliefs, spiritual values, and traditional practices. The Hadith perspective reinforces the idea that illness is a test and that treatment is a form of effort (ikhtiar), thereby encouraging a balance between medical intervention and spiritual practices. Furthermore, the study reveals a gap between modern medical approaches and patient cultural beliefs, which may lead to miscommunication, low treatment adherence, and reduced quality of healthcare services. The concept of cultural competence is identified as a crucial approach to bridging this gap by integrating patients’ cultural and religious values into clinical practice. This study proposes a holistic healthcare model that combines three dimensions: medical (evidence-based treatment), cultural (patient beliefs and traditions), and spiritual (Hadith-based ethical values). The novelty of this research lies in integrating Hadith perspectives into the discourse of cultural competence in healthcare, which has been predominantly dominated by secular approaches. The study contributes theoretically by enriching interdisciplinary research between health sciences and Islamic studies, and practically by providing insights for developing culturally sensitive, value-based healthcare policies. The findings highlight the urgency of transforming healthcare systems into more inclusive, humanistic, and culturally responsive services.
The study of Qur’anic interpretation continues to develop with the emergence of various methods and approaches in the modern era. Within this diversity, there is a need for tafsir references that are based on the primary sources of Islam. One of the tafsir works grounded in these sources is the Tafsir of Ibn Kathir, which is well known for its tafsir bil ma’thur approach. This approach relies on the main sources of Islam, namely the Qur’an, hadith, and the opinions of the Companions and the Tabi‘in, as the primary basis for interpretation. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with a library research design. The data are obtained from Tafsir al-Qur’an al-‘Azhim by Ibn Kathir, supported by several relevant secondary literatures in the field of tafsir studies. Previous studies generally focus on Ibn Kathir’s method as a form of tafsir bil ma’thur based on the Qur’an, hadith, and the opinions of the Tabi‘in. However, this study does not only examine the method but also analyzes its relevance within the context of modern tafsir. In conclusion, Ibn Kathir’s tafsir has made a significant contribution to the study of Qur’anic interpretation, particularly in preserving the authenticity of narration-based interpretation. It remains highly relevant as a foundational reference for understanding the Qur’an. The method not only strengthens textual understanding but also provides a solid scholarly foundation for the development of tafsir studies in the modern era.
This study aims to examine in depth the concept of the Kingdom of God in the Gospel of Luke and its relevance to contemporary life. The main issue discussed is how the meaning of the Kingdom of God is understood in the Gospel of Luke and how this concept can be applied in the context of modern life. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method, by examining various relevant theological sources. The results of the study show that the Kingdom of God in the Gospel of Luke is not understood as a kingdom in a physical or political sense, but as the real work of God present in human history through Jesus Christ. The term Basileia tou Theou emphasizes the active and dynamic reign of God. This Kingdom is characterized by its concern for the poor, the values of love and forgiveness, and its universal nature. In addition, the Kingdom of God has both a present and a future dimension. In the context of contemporary life, the values of the Kingdom of God can be realized through social concern, economic empowerment, attention to mental health, and responsibility toward the environment. Thus, the Kingdom of God is not only a theological concept, but also a reality that must be lived out in everyday life.
PRINSIP SOLIDARITAS DALAM FILSAFAT SOSIAL SEBAGAI KRITIK TERHADAP INDIVIDUALISME JEMAAT KRISTEN
The phenomenon of individualism in contemporary Christian congregations has become a serious concern that displaces solidarity values as the foundation of communal life. This study aims to analyze the principle of solidarity in social philosophy as a normative basis for Christian congregational life of mutual burden-bearing, and to evaluate individualistic tendencies in congregational life from social philosophical and theological perspectives. This research employs a library research method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings indicate that social philosophy affirms the social nature of human beings who cannot live apart from one another, and solidarity constitutes the primary bond of communal life. Durkheim's theory of solidarity and Paul's exhortation in Galatians 6:2 together construct a solid argument that individualism within Christian communities represents a deviation from both the call of faith and the social nature of humanity. The study concludes that the solidarity principle of social philosophy critically exposes congregational individualism as a form of both spiritual and social regression that urgently requires correction.
MENAFSIR KASIH DAN PENEBUSAN: REFLEKSI TEOLOGIS ATAS MAKNA SALIB DALAM KEHIDUPAN KRISTEN KONTEMPORER
This article aims to examine the theological meaning of love and redemption in the event of the cross and its relevance for contemporary Christian life. The cross is understood not only as a symbol of suffering, but as an embodiment of God's love that saves and restores humanity's relationship with Him. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and literature study methods, this study analyzes various theological perspectives from relevant sources. The results of the study indicate that the cross contains dimensions of sacrificial love, transformative redemption, and divine solidarity in human suffering. Furthermore, the meaning of the cross has real ethical and spiritual implications in the lives of believers, such as forgiveness, sacrifice, and obedience. In the challenging modern context, the cross remains a source of hope and direction in life. Therefore, theological reflection on the cross is important to enrich contextual and relevant Christian spirituality.
PANDANGAN TEOLOGIS-SOSIAL TERHADAP TRADISI MA’NENE
This article examines the Ma'nene tradition in Tana Toraja from theological and social perspectives, focusing on the dialogue between Christian faith and local culture. Ma'nene is a ritual of cleaning and changing the garments of ancestors' bodies, performed periodically by the Torajan people as a form of honoring their forebears. The presence of Christianity, now embraced by the majority of Torajans, raises questions about the theological position of this tradition, alongside social challenges stemming from modernization and tourism commodification. This study aims to formulate a contextual-theological meaning of Ma'nene and to map its social dynamics amid the transformation of Torajan society. The method used is qualitative research with a literature review approach, employing content analysis of sources on contextual theology, Torajan ethnography, and social studies. The analytical framework integrates H. Richard Niebuhr's Christ and Culture typology, Stephen B. Bevans's six models of contextual theology, and Theodorus Kobong's local theology of Injil dan Tongkonan. The findings indicate that Ma'nene is best read through the Christ the Transformer of Culture model combined with Bevans's anthropological-synthetic models, where the tradition is neither wholly rejected nor naively accepted, but transformed as an expression of honoring ancestors that culminates in love for God. The practical consequence is the need for contextual catechesis by local churches so that the faithful may distinguish veneration from idolatry.
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN KRISTOLOGI DAN KRITERIA KEASLIAN DALAM STUDI YESUS SEJARAH
This study examines Christological methodology as an approach to understanding the person and work of Jesus Christ in their entirety, encompassing both His divine and human natures. Based on biblical studies, this method involves various approaches such as historical-critical, theological, literary, and interdisciplinary methods to achieve a balanced and profound understanding. This study also outlines criteria of authenticity in historical Jesus research, which include the criteria of double attestation, anomalies, inconsistencies, continuity, and coherence. The application of these criteria demonstrates that Jesus’ teachings and actions possess a strong foundation of authenticity, supported by numerous sources and objective analysis, although they remain limited due to their reliance on human interpretation and academic rationality. Therefore, criteria of authenticity should be regarded as tools, not as the primary foundation, so that Christological studies continue to balance scientific and faith-based dimensions. In the context of contemporary life, a correct understanding of Jesus Christ through Christological methodology can help believers to emulate Christ’s love, obedience, and moral values in a tangible way, whether in personal life, church ministry, or social roles within society.
KAJIAN TEOLOGI DAN SASTRA AMSAL 1:7 : MEMBANGUN KARAKTER GENERASI MUDA KRISTEN YANG TAKUT AKAN TUHAN
Proverbs 1:7 is one of the key verses in the Book of Proverbs that asserts, "the fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge." This verse has deep theological and literary significance, as well as relevance in shaping the character of young Christian generations amid the challenges of the modern era. This study aims to examine Proverbs 1:7 from a theological and literary perspective, and to apply its meaning in the context of shaping the character of young Christian generations. The method used is qualitative research with a literature study approach to the Bible and several theological sources. The research results show that the concept of "the fear of the Lord" is not merely fear, but an attitude of respect, submission, and living in obedience to God. Literarily, Proverbs 1:7 is part of wisdom literature that uses parallelisms to emphasize the contrast between wisdom and foolishness. In the context of character formation, the value of the fear of the Lord is the foundation for the development of integrity, discipline, and morality in young Christian generations.
STUDI EKSEGESIS “TAKUT AKAN TUHAN SEBAGAI PERMULAAN PENGETAHUAN”: KAJIAN TERHADAP AMSAL 1:7 DALAM PERSPEKTIF HIKMAT PERJANJIAN LAMA
This study aims to examine the theological and epistemological meaning of the phrase “the fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge” in Proverbs 1:7 through an exegetical approach within the perspective of Old Testament wisdom. The main problem of this study is how the concept of “fear of the LORD” is understood in the context of the Hebrew text and how the concept functions as a foundation for knowledge and wisdom in the biblical tradition. The method used is a qualitative approach with a literature review that focuses on the analysis of the Hebrew biblical text, the study of Old Testament theological literature, and historical-critical and thematic analysis of the main concepts in the text. The results of the study show that “fear of the LORD” does not refer to emotional fear, but rather an attitude of respect, obedience, and recognition of God’s sovereignty as the source of wisdom. This concept serves as an epistemological foundation that places the human relationship with God as the starting point of true knowledge. Moreover, the human response to wisdom determines whether a person grows in wisdom or remains in ignorance.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN FIQIH TERHADAP DISPLIN IBADAH SISWA DI SEKOLAH
Fiqh learning is an important component of Islamic religious education that aims to provide students with an understanding of Islamic legal rulings, particularly those related to the practice of worship. Through fiqh learning, students are expected not only to understand the theoretical concepts of worship but also to apply them in their daily lives with discipline. However, in practice, some students are still found to be less consistent in performing acts of worship. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the role of fiqh learning in shaping students’ discipline in worship at school. This study employs a qualitative approach using a library research method. Data were collected through the examination of various relevant literature sources, such as the Qur’an, Hadith, fiqh books, and scientific journals related to the research topic. The results of the study indicate that fiqh learning plays an important role in developing students’ discipline in worship, as it provides them with an understanding of proper worship practices, values of obedience, and the importance of consistently carrying out Allah’s commands. Thus, fiqh learning not only functions as a process of knowledge transfer but also as a means of fostering religious attitudes and developing disciplined character in worship among students.
MAKNA ISTILAH תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ (TOHU WĀBŌHÛ) DALAM KEJADIAN 1:2: ANALISIS LEKSIKAL DAN TEOLOGIS TERHADAP KONSEP KEADAAN AWAL PENCIPTAAN
This study examines the meaning of the Hebrew term תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ (tohu wābōhû) in Genesis 1:2 through an integrative lexical and theological approach. Commonly translated as “formless and void,” this expression carries a deeper and more complex meaning within linguistic and Ancient Near Eastern cosmological contexts. The research employs a qualitative library-based method using exegetical analysis of the Hebrew text, supported by theological and historical-critical literature. The findings indicate that tohu conveys notions of disorder, non-functionality, and an unstructured condition, while bohu emphasizes emptiness or voidness. Together, they form an idiomatic expression describing the primordial state of the earth as unstructured reality, yet not absolute nothingness. In dialogue with Ancient Near Eastern cosmology, this concept shares similarities with the idea of primordial chaos, but differs theologically in that it is not personified as a force opposing God, rather it exists under His sovereignty. Theologically, tohu wābōhû bridges the understanding between creatio ex nihilo and creation as the ordering of chaos, affirming that creation involves both the act of bringing existence into being and the process of ordering it toward harmony. Thus, the term represents a potential state that becomes the object of God’s creative activity, while simultaneously affirming His sovereignty over all reality. This study contributes to a richer understanding of the doctrine of creation through a synthesis of linguistic analysis and theological reflection.
MAKNA HIDUP DI TENGAH KETIDAKPASTIAN ZAMAN MODERN: REFLEKSI TEOLOGIS ATAS KITAB PENGKHOTBAH TENTANG PENCARIAN ARTI KEHIDUPAN
This study aims to examine the meaning of life in the midst of modern uncertainty through a theological reflection on the Book of Ecclesiastes and its relevance in light of Catholic Church teachings. The method used is library research with a descriptive-analytical approach, analyzing the text of Ecclesiastes, official Church documents, and relevant theological literature. The results show that the Book of Ecclesiastes honestly portrays human life as marked by vanity (hebel), limitations, and uncertainty. However, it also affirms that the meaning of life can be found in fearing God, enjoying life’s simple blessings, and living with moral responsibility before God. The teachings of the Catholic Church complement this reflection by emphasizing that the true meaning of life is rooted in a relationship with God, hope for salvation, and a life lived in love and truth. Therefore, in the midst of modern uncertainty, human beings can still discover an authentic meaning of life through faith, hope, and a life oriented toward God.
MODERASI DANIEL: TAFSIR HISTORIS-KRITIS MELLUI KACAMATA MODERASI BERAGAMA TERHADAP KITAB DANIEL 6:1-12
This study examines Daniel 6:1-12 through a historical-critical approach with a focus on religious moderation in the Christian context. The story of Daniel illustrates the steadfast faith of a minority figure facing political pressure in the Medo-Persian empire, while maintaining personal and professional integrity without compromising religious principles. This qualitative library research uses the biblical text as the primary data and theological literature and studies on religious moderation as secondary data. Historical-critical analysis explores the historical context, narrative structure, and sociopolitical dynamics, while thematic analysis highlights Daniel’s values of moderation, moral courage, and integrity. The study finds that Daniel’s moderation integrates spiritual discipline, moral courage, and professional competence, enabling Christian minorities to contribute positively in public spaces without losing religious identity. This narrative is relevant for contemporary religious moderation, emphasizing a balance between faithfulness to God, moral ethics, and social responsibility.
WOMEN'S EMANCIPATION IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE QUR'AN: A THEMATIC QUR'AN STUDY ON MORAL AND SOCIAL EQUALITY WITH A GROUNDED THEORY APPROACH
This study aims to analyze the idea of women's emancipation from the perspective of the Qur'an using the thematic approach of the Qur'an and the analysis of Grounded Theory. The background of this research is the emergence of various discussions about the position and role of women in society which are often understood in a limited way without considering the broader understanding of the Qur'an. The approach used in this study is qualitative with a normative-theological approach. The data used came from verses of the Qur'an that were relevant to women's themes, especially those that described the origin of human creation, moral and spiritual responsibilities, and social and economic rights that women have. Data collection is carried out through the identification and classification of related verses, then analyzed using the thematic method of the Qur'an. Data analysis was carried out with a Grounded Theory approach through the stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding to find the main concepts contained in the text of the verse. The results of the study show that the idea of women's emancipation in the Qur'an can be understood through three main dimensions, namely ontological equality, moral equality, and social equality. Ontological equality asserts that men and women come from a similar source of creation. Moral equality shows that both have an equal spiritual responsibility and opportunity to reap the rewards of good deeds. On the other hand, social equality can be seen from the Qur'an's recognition of economic rights, legal protection, and women's participation in society. These findings show that the Qur'an provides a strong normative basis for respecting women's dignity as well as acknowledging their role in human life.
ETIKA SOSIAL KRISTEN SEBAGAI RESPONS TEOLOGIS TERHADAP KRISIS MORALITAS DIGITAL: TANTANGAN PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER GENERASI MUDA GEREJA DI ERA MEDIA SOSIAL
The digital era has brought fundamental changes in social interaction patterns and moral formation, particularly among the younger generation of the church. This study aims to formulate Christian social ethics as a theological response to the digital morality crisis in the context of character formation for the younger church generation. Using a qualitative research method based on library research with a theological-conceptual approach, this study analyzes various digital moral crisis phenomena such as cyberbullying, hoax dissemination, and dehumanization in online communication. The findings show that Christian social ethics rooted in the principles of agape, imitatio Christi, and Kingdom ethics can serve as a contextual theological foundation for shaping the digital character of the younger church generation. The church is called to be actively present as an agent of moral transformation in the digital space through contextual discipleship, cross-institutional collaboration, and faith-based digital literacy development. This research contributes to the development of applied Christian ethics relevant to the digital reality of today's younger church generation.
TRADISI BUDAYA TORAJA DAN DOGMA KRISTEN: STUDI KASUS MA'PAKANDE DEWATA
This research explores the complex dynamics between Toraja cultural traditions and Christian dogma, focusing on the Ma'pakande Dewata ritual, an ancestral offering practice rooted in the Aluk Todolo belief system. Since the arrival of Christianity in the early 20th century, the Toraja people have faced an identity dilemma between preserving their cultural heritage and accommodating the teachings of their newly adopted religion. This study employs a qualitative approach with an ethnographic case study design involving informants, consisting of to minaa (traditional spiritual leaders), pastors, customary leaders, and Toraja Christian families. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, document studies, and focus group discussions, then analyzed using thematic analysis methods. The findings reveal that the tension between Ma'pakande Dewata and Christian dogma reflects a fundamental conflict between animistic-communalistic and monotheistic-individualistic worldviews. Toraja Christians have developed four main adaptation strategies: total assimilation, pragmatic syncretism, creative inculturation, and strategic selectivity. The choice of strategy is influenced by factors such as church denominational affiliation, position in the customary structure, education level, family cohesion, and personal experience. This research contributes to the understanding of religious syncretism and inculturation in indigenous community contexts, and provides recommendations for developing more culturally sensitive contextual theology and cultural heritage preservation policies that respect the religious dimensions of society.
THE INTEGRATION OF MODERN SCIENCE IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE VERSES OF THE COSMOS: A STUDY OF THE WORK OF ZAGHLUL AL-NAJJAR IN MUKHTARÂT MIN TAFSÎR AL-ÂYÂT AL-KAWNIYYAH FI AL-QUR'ÂN AL-KARÎM JUZ 1
This research aims to explore how modern science is integrated in the interpretation of the verses of the cosmos in the Qur'an through an analysis of the book Mukhtarât min Tafsîr al-Âyât al-Kawniyyah fi al-Qur'ân al-Karîm Juz 1 by Zaghlul al-Najjar. This study emerged in line with the development of the method of scientific interpretation in the study of the Qur'an today that seeks to connect the text of revelation with discoveries in modern science. The method used in this study is a literature review with a descriptive-analytical approach to the interpretation of the verses of the cosmos in the work. The data used came from the main sources, namely the books analyzed as well as various additional literature related to the interpretation of modern science and science. The findings of the study show that Zaghlul al-Najjar relates the verses of the cosmos to a variety of modern scientific concepts such as cosmology, geology, meteorology, and oceanography. This connection can be seen in the interpretation of verses that discuss the creation of the universe, the expansion of the cosmos, the structure of the earth and the role of mountains, the water cycle, and the phenomenon of the meeting of the two seas. With this approach, the content of the Qur'an is not only interpreted as a theological message, but also as a signal that can be investigated from a scientific point of view. The interpretation made reflects an attempt to show the harmony between the images in the Qur'an and modern scientific results. This research also reveals that Zaghlul al-Najjar's thought contributes significantly to the development of scientific interpretation by presenting an integrated model that involves revelation and science in an interdisciplinary manner. However, this approach requires methodological caution so as not to create an overly forced interpretation of scientific theories that are always changing. Therefore, this study emphasizes that scientific interpretation has great potential to enrich the study of the contemporary Qur'an and open up opportunities for dialogue between religion and science in understanding the universe.
TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN DENGAN QAUL, BAHASA, DAN IJTIHAD PARA TABI’IN
Tafsir of the Qur’an is an effort to understand the meaning and content of the verses of the Holy Qur’an in a comprehensive way. In the history of the development of tafsir, several methods have been used by scholars. Among them are tafsir based on the opinions of the tābi‘īn, tafsir based on language, and tafsir based on ijtihad. Tafsir based on the opinions of the tābi‘īn refers to interpretations that rely on the explanations of the generation after the Companions of the Prophet. As successors to the Companions, they had close connections to early Islamic teachings and narration traditions, which makes their interpretations important in Islamic scholarship. Tafsir based on language focuses on the study of Arabic grammar and linguistic sciences, such as morphology (ṣarf), syntax (naḥw), and rhetoric (balāghah). This approach emphasizes understanding the structure and style of the Arabic language to interpret the Qur’an correctly. Meanwhile, tafsir based on ijtihad uses rational thinking and independent reasoning, while still following the principles of Islamic law and the foundations of tafsir. This study aims to explain the characteristics, methodological foundations, and contributions of these three approaches in developing Islamic knowledge. These methods support and complement one another in understanding the Qur’an as a whole, making it relevant to different contexts and in harmony with the development of time.
KELUARGA SEBAGAI KOMUNITAS IMAN PERTAMA DALAM TEOLOGI PEMURIDAN KONTEKS INDONESIA
This research aims to examine the role of the family as the primary faith community in discipleship theology relevant to the Indonesian context. The problem addressed is the weakening of the family's function as the primary discipleship agent, due to parents' tendency to delegate spiritual responsibilities to the church and school. The method used is descriptive qualitative research with a library study approach, through the study of biblical texts and theological-educational literature. The results show that the family is a divine institution that precedes the church and school as a space for discipleship, as mandated in Deuteronomy 6:6-7. In the Indonesian context faced with the pressures of modernization, urbanization, and value shifts, Christian families need to be re-empowered as centers of discipleship through integrative spiritual habituation and strategic collaboration between family and church. This research affirms that effective discipleship does not begin from institutions, but from intimate relationships in households living in God's word.
MENYIKAPI MAKNA TEOLOGI KURBAN DAN KESELAMATAN DALAM IBADAH ISRAEL DI ERA MUSA DALAM KITAB IMAMAT
This research examines the meaning of the sacrifice and safety of the sacrifice of Israel in the time of Moses, found in the Book of Leviticus. The main purpose of this study is to understand how the role of the sacrifice helps the Israeli people in acquiring safety and atonement. Sacrifices such as sin, gratitude, and the meal aimed at improving the relationship between the people and the holy God, delivering sin, and purifying the people. Through these sacrifices, the people of Israel show obedience and gratitude to God, and accept salvation through the forgiveness of sins. Theological Theological of the Kingdom also has a close connection with Christian teachings, especially about the sacrifice of Jesus Christ who fulfills all sacrifices in the Old Testament. This research uses the Pantaka Study Method to understand how the sacrifice affects the spiritual life of Israel and how this concept affects the understanding of salvation in the current Christian teachings.
PERILAKU KONSUMSI SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN DARUSSALAM SENGKUBANG DITINJAUDALAM PERSPEKTIF RELIGIUSITAS
Currently, more and more students or Islamic boarding school students are buying educational goods not because of their utility value, but because they are influenced by lifestyle, for an image that is directed and formed by the way of thinking of students or Islamic boarding school students who have been influenced by advertisements and models on television, infotainment shows, fashion magazines, celebrity lifestyles, environmental factors and various other forms of popular culture. The description of the consumption behavior of students at the Darussalam Sengkubang Mempawah Islamic Boarding School is interesting to study because in their teens, students at the Darussalam Sengkubang Mempawah Islamic Boarding School are often found to spend their money excessively not because of necessity. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach, by trying to construct reality and understand something hidden behind the phenomena that have appeared on the surface. The results of the study show that the consumption behavior of students at the Darussalam Sengkubang Islamic Boarding School can be seen from spending on daily needs and ownership of clothes and others. The factors behind students' consumptive behavior are external factors including reference groups and the surrounding environment. While the internal factors of the institution are following friends and pride in appearance. In terms of daily needs, they prioritize fulfilling the desire to buy snacks and food outside the Islamic Boarding School that are more varied without any limits on spending their pocket money. While in terms of clothing, they have clothes that exceed the capacity of the wardrobe provided at the Islamic Boarding School because there are no limits on clothing ownership. So that in the end, consumer behavior or israf appears.
FILSAFAT AKHLAK DALAM PEMIKIRAN IBNU MISKAWAIH DAN AL-GHAZALI (STUDI KOMPARATIF)
One of the main missions in Islam is to perfect human morals. Morals are very important and fundamental, because with morals can be determined the measure of all human actions, good bad, right wrong, halal and haram. Humans without morals will lose their human dignity as the most noble creatures of Allah. In this case, Ibn Miskawaih and Al-Ghazali expressed their opinions regarding the Philosophy of Morals, having the same opinion regarding the investigation of Morals must begin with knowledge of the soul, its strength and even its characteristics. The type of research used is qualitative research which is library research. The primary data sources were obtained from the library books by Ibn Miskawaih "Towards the Perfection of Morals: The First Book of Daras Regarding the Philosophy of Ethics, and Al-Ghazali Ihya Ulumuddin, Menyikawat Rahasia Keajaiban Hati". This study uses a philosophical approach. In data management, the historical continuity method, analytical descriptive method, and data interpretation method were used. This study has produced conclusions. Morals according to Ibn Miskawaih are a condition of the human soul that spontaneously drives him to do an act without thinking and hesitation. While Morals according to Al-Ghazali are traits embedded in the soul from which actions arise easily without requiring prior consideration. The virtues of Morals consist of wisdom, simplicity, courage, and justice. Moral Education according to Ibn Miskawaih is education that is focused on leading humans in a better direction. While Moral Education according to Al-Ghazali is a process of forming an ideal personality.
EKSISTENSI KOMUNITAS DAN AJARAN SYIAH (AHLUL BAIT INDONESIA) DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
The purpose of this research is to determine (1) the background of the existence of Shiism in South Kalimantan; (2) the existence of the Shia community in South Kalimantan from the aspects of organization and secretariat; (3) the figures of the Shia movement in South Kalimantan; (4) the focus or emphasis of the Shia movement in South Kalimantan; (5) the Shia theology implanted and developed in South Kalimantan; (6) prominent fiqhi distinctions of the Shia community in South Kalimantan; (7) religious traditions with theological dimensions of Shiism developed in South Kalimantan; and (8) supporting factors for the assimilation of Shia teachings in the South Kalimantan community as well as the phenomena of integration and conflict. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach and descriptive methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and literature reviews. The research locations were in the city of Banjarmasin, Banjar regency, and Tanah Bumbu regency. The research informants consisted of Shia figures (ABI officials) and experts on Shiaism. Data analysis was performed using descriptive-qualitative techniques. The results of the research are as follows: 1. The existence of Shiism in South Kalimantan began around the 1980s. The doctrine of Shia entered South Kalimantan through two channels: through trade routes by Arab traders descended from the Ahlul Bait, and through intellectual networks of higher education institutions; 2. The Shia community in South Kalimantan is generally affiliated with the Ahlul Bait Indonesia (ABI) organization in South Kalimantan, established since 2005; 3. Figures of the Shia movement in South Kalimantan, besides Sayyid Abdullah Al-Habsyi as the leader of the wilyah, also include Musa Al-Mawardi in Martapura, Habib Baghir Assegaf in Banjarbaru, and Habib Ali bin Muhammad bin Sholeh Al-Habsyi from Barabai currently residing in Martapura; 4. The ABI movement in South Kalimantan is currently focused on the cultivation and enhancement of knowledge about monotheism and the Ahlul Bait; 5. Some theological teachings of Shiism embraced and believed by the Shia community in South Kalimantan include Wisyayah, Imamah, ‘Ishmah, Raj’ah, Taqiah, Wilayah, ‘Adl, Sunnah, Ghaybah, Syafaat, Ijtihad, Do’a, and Taqlid; 6. From a fiqh aspect, some differences observed with Sunni include: the practice of combining (jama’) prayers to alleviate difficulties in performance, prostration on dry earth that has been imprinted and pure (called turbah) used as a prostration base in prayers, not folding hands during standing position in prayer as done by Sunnis, breaking the fast during Ramadan for travelers, and regarding the consumption of living animals in water, especially fish, they prohibit scaleless fish (catfish, carp, etc.); 7. Religious traditions with theological dimensions in fostering love for the Ahlul Bait practiced by the Shia community in South Kalimantan include commemorating the day of Ashura, the Arbaeen commemoration, visiting the graves of the Prophet and the Holy Imams, commemorating the birth (milad) and death (haul) anniversaries of the Imams and scholars, and celebrating Eid al-Ghadir; 8. The existence and development of Shiism in South Kalimantan generally do not provoke sharp conflicts in Kalimantan society, only causing resistance from certain parties temporarily.
TEOLOGI KRISTEN SEBAGAI FONDASI SPIRITUAL DALAM MEMBENTUK IMAN, KARAKTER, DAN KEPEMIMPINAN ORANG PERCAYA DI TENGAH PERUBAHAN ZAMAN
Christian theology is an essential spiritual foundation for shaping the faith, character, and leadership of believers amidst changing times marked by developments in science, technology, and socio-cultural dynamics. This article aims to examine the role of Christian theology as the foundation for building a solid faith, Christian character that reflects divine values, and spiritual leadership oriented toward God's will. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a literature study approach, namely analyzing various relevant Christian theological literature to understand the function and implications of theology in the lives of believers. The results of the discussion indicate that Christian theology provides an epistemological, moral, and spiritual foundation that helps believers understand their identity, calling, and purpose in life. Theology also plays a role in shaping character through spiritual transformation and renewal of thought centered on God's Word. Furthermore, theology is the foundation for spiritual leadership that is imbued with integrity, service, and responsibility. Amid changing times, theology remains relevant because it provides direction, hope, and stability of faith.
DIALOG TEOLOGI DAN SOSIOLOGI KRISTEN DALAM MEMBACA REALITAS SOSIAL: IMAN, GEREJA, DAN PERGULATAN MANUSIA DI TENGAH PERUBAHAN MASYARAKAT KONTEMPORER
The rapid changes in contemporary society present complex social dynamics and often create tension in human life. Globalization, pluralism, and the transformation of social values ​​demand new ways of reading the relationship between faith, the church, and social reality. This article aims to examine the dialogue between Christian theology and sociology as a reflective approach to understanding social change and the human struggles within it. The research method used is a qualitative approach with library research, sourced from relevant and authoritative works on Christian theology and sociology in Indonesian. The analysis is conducted descriptively and interpretively by bringing together theological and sociological perspectives in a dialogue. The results of the study indicate that Christian faith functions as a hermeneutic lens in interpreting social reality critically and meaningfully. The church is understood as a social subject with an ethical responsibility towards humanitarian issues, injustice, and the crisis of the meaning of life. The dialogue between theology and sociology enriches the church's understanding of the signs of the times and encourages reflective and transformative social engagement.
AJARAN TASAWUF DALAM PENGGABUNGAN TAREKAT QADARIYAH DAN NAQSYABANDIYAH PADA DZIKIR DALAM KITAB FATHUL AL-ARIFIN
This writing discusses the teachings of Sufism in the Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah tariqa within the manuscript titled Fathu Al-Arifin, authored by Syekh Ahmad Khatib Sambas on 9 Jumadil Awwal 1287 Hijriyah. In addition to addressing Sufi teachings, this writing also describes the physical condition of the manuscript, known in philological studies as codicology. This research is descriptive-qualitative in nature, employing a literature study method for data collection. The approach used in this research is the codicological approach. The results of this research reveal the presence of procedures (zikir guidelines) imbued with Sufi nuances in the Fathu Al-Arifin manuscript. These zikir guidelines are embodied in the practices of the Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah tariqa. Furthermore, the Fathu Al-Arifin manuscript also contains information on bai'at and talkin in the Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah tariqa. Syekh Ahmad Khatib Sambas combined two tariqas (Qadiriyah and Naqsyabandiyah) into one, namely the Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah tariqa, resulting in two zikir techniques in the Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah tariqa: nafi isbat (loud vocal zikir) and sirri ism dzat (silent heart-based zikir). The Qadiriyah tariqa practices jahri nafi isbat zikir (loud vocal), while the Naqsyabandiyah tariqa practices sirri ism dzat zikir (silent in the heart). There are four zikir methods in the Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah tariqa: perfection of suluk, adab, zikir, and muraqabah.
KETERBATASAN FOKUS PADA DIMENSI ESKATOLOGIS DALAM MISIOLOGI KONTEMPORER: REFLEKSI 2 KORINTUS 5:18 19 DAN TEORI MINISTRY OF RECONCILIATION
This research aims to integrate 2 Corinthians 5:18-19 with the theory of ministry of reconciliation to construct a missiological framework that balances the dimensions of yet and not yet in contemporary mission. Contemporary missiology, particularly the work of Nelus Niemandt, pays great attention to present life through deep contextualization and deep incarnation, but the eschatological dimension and mission as a ministry of reconciliation receive inadequate attention. Method: The research employs a qualitative approach with intertextual exegesis of 2 Corinthians 5:18-19, systematic theological analysis of the theory of ministry of reconciliation, and critical evaluation of Niemandt's missiology. Exegesis demonstrates that reconciliation is God's definitive soteriological action while continuing toward eschatological consummation. The theory of ministry of reconciliation from Schreiter, Volf, and Langmead affirms that reconciliation encompasses vertical, horizontal, and ecological dimensions inseparable from liberation and restorative justice. Niemandt's missiology, though valuable in contextualization, shows limitations in integrating redemptive and eschatological perspectives. Integration produces a holistic missiological framework balancing present transformation with eschatological hope for cosmic renewal as the telos of God's salvific plan.
MENIMBA PENGHARAPAN DARI PENDERITAAN TAFSIRAN IMAN ATAS RATAPAN YEREMIA 3 AYAT 31–33 TENTANG KASIH SETIA ALLAH YANG TAK PERNAH BENAR-BENAR PERGI
This article examines the theological significance of Lamentations of Jeremiah 3:31–33 by highlighting God's faithful love amidst the people's suffering. The text of Lamentations of Jeremiah arose from the context of the destruction of Jerusalem, which created a crisis of faith, social, and spirituality for the people of Judah. ​​In this situation, suffering is easily understood as a sign of God's rejection and absence. However, through a theological study of Lamentations of Jeremiah 3:31–33, this article shows that God's rejection is not eternal, His mercy continues to operate amidst hardship, and He does not desire to oppress humanity. This research uses a qualitative approach with library methods and theological hermeneutic interpretation of relevant Indonesian-language Bible texts and Old Testament literature. The results of the study indicate that the suffering in Lamentations of Jeremiah does not negate the covenant relationship between God and His people, but rather becomes a space for profound reflection on faith. God's faithful love is understood as a reality that transcends the subjective experience of suffering and becomes the basis for mature and realistic hope. This article emphasizes that true faith does not avoid lamentation but instead finds hope in it.
LITERASI RELASIONAL BERBASIS 1 KORINTUS 13:4-8 UNTUK PENCEGAHAN TOXIC RELATIONSHIP: PENDIDIKAN KASIH AGAPE SEBAGAI STANDAR HEALTHY RELATIONSHIP PADA PEMUDA KRISTEN
The inability of Christian youth to distinguish between healthy relationships and toxic relationships is a major cause of the high rates of intimate partner violence in dating relationships. This research aims to develop a relational literacy education model based on 1 Corinthians 13:4-8 to prevent toxic relationships and promote healthy relationships among Christian youth. The study employs a qualitative methodology using literature review design, collecting and analyzing over 30 academic sources through thematic content analysis. Research findings demonstrate that agape love in 1 Corinthians 13:4-8 provides a clear theological standard for evaluating relational health, characterized by patience, generosity, non-jealousy, and selflessness. The developed relational literacy education model integrates three learning dimensions: (1) theological consciousness and critical evaluation, (2) communication skills and boundary-setting, and (3) emotional-spiritual awareness. This model can be implemented through youth discipleship programs, pre-marital counseling, and support groups within churches. This research contributes theoretically and practically to the development of pastoral counseling and Christian religious education in preventing relational violence among youth.