INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education
International Journal of Social and Education (INJOSEDU) E-ISSN 3047-6151 Published once a month every year and serves as a peer-reviewed journal specializing in field research and literary reviews related to social, cultural, economic, political and educational issues. The aim is to offer the reader a better understanding of Humanities and Social Sciences and to present progress through the publication of articles and research reports, which include field studies and literature reviews. This journal invites scholars and experts working in all disciplines. The article must be original, based on field research and literature, never previously published, and not being considered to be published in other journals. All papers submitted will be reviewed by the Editor, the editorial board, and the blind reviewer. Submissions that violate the format or length guidelines will be rejected without review. International Journal of Social and Education (INJOSEDU) is a journal that deals with social, cultural, economic, political and educational issues. Education covers all kinds of fields of education, in the sphere of family, school, and even higher education. The field of education is not confined to either general education or special education, as is the case with the social sphere. International Journal of Social and Education (INJOSEDU) index by:
PHYTOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION OF TURMERIC AND ETHNOPHARMACY IN BENGKALA VILLAGE FOR DIABETES PREVENTION AS A SUPPLEMENT TO PHARMACOGNOSY TEACHING AT VOCATIONAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS
The teaching of pharmacognosy at vocational schools specialising in pharmacy generally still focuses on theoretical concepts and does not yet sufficiently link the subject matter to the practical use of medicinal plants in the students’ local communities. This study aims to describe the ethnopharmaceutical practices involved in the processing of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) in Bengkala Village, to examine the phytochemical composition of turmeric based on a literature review, and to integrate these findings as a supplement to pharmacognosy teaching based on local knowledge. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, utilising data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, documentation, a literature review, and a descriptive organoleptic test of the turmeric drink. The results indicate that the community in Bengkala Village processes turmeric into a traditional herbal drink through the steps of washing, grinding, boiling and straining. The results of the organoleptic test showed that turmeric ‘loloh’ has a brownish-yellow colour, a characteristic turmeric aroma, a moderately bitter taste, and a relatively thin texture. A literature review indicated that turmeric rhizomes contain secondary metabolites such as curcuminoids, flavonoids, essential oils and tannins, which have the potential to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as supporting the regulation of blood glucose levels. These ethnopharmaceutical findings and phytochemical studies were subsequently incorporated into pharmacognosy teaching materials, covering the identification of rhizome crude drugs, simple water-based extraction methods, and an introduction to the secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. This integration has resulted in contextual and relevant supplementary learning materials to support the teaching of pharmacognosy at vocational schools specialising in pharmacy.
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UNDERSTANDING DIGITAL MARKETING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS STRATEGIES IN BUILDING CONSUMER LOYALTY IN COFFEE SHOPS IN KENDARI CITY
The development of digital marketing and public relations have changed the way coffee Coffee shops build relationships with consumers, especially amidst increasingly fierce business competition in Kendari City. However, few studies have explored how consumers understand and interpret these two strategies in depth to foster loyalty. This study aims to analyze the experiences and interpretations of coffee shop managers and consumers. shops in Kendari City regarding digital marketing and public strategies relationships in building customer loyalty. This study used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation with managers and active coffee consumers. A shop in Kendari City was then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that consumer loyalty is formed through the intensity of social media use, the quality of visual content, honesty of communication, speed of response, comfortable atmosphere, friendly service, and consistency of experience between digital promotions and real-life conditions. These findings confirm that loyalty is determined not only by product quality but also by trust, emotional experiences, and ongoing relationships between businesses and customers. The implications of this research provide a practical basis for coffee shop to develop a more authentic, responsive, and consumer experience-oriented communication strategy.
STRENGTHENING HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BASED ON COMPETENCIES AND WORK EXPERIENCE TO IMPROVE EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND RETENTION IN MODERN ORGANISATIONS
This study examines the strengthening of human resource management based on competencies and work experience to improve employee performance and retention in modern organisations. The aim of this study is to analyse the role of competencies in improving employee performance and the role of work experience in strengthening employee retention. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive-analytical approach, involving a search of various relevant academic sources, such as journals, books and research articles. The findings indicate that competency-based management is capable of improving recruitment accuracy, training effectiveness, the quality of performance appraisals, and career development. On the other hand, work experience plays a crucial role in fostering adaptability, job satisfaction, organisational commitment, and employee loyalty. The integration of these two aspects results in a more effective, adaptive, and organisation-sustainability-oriented HR management system. This study emphasises that modern organisations need to manage competencies and work experience systematically in order to retain high-performing employees and enhance long-term competitiveness.
HUMAN-CENTERED HRM IN THE AGE OF AI: BALANCING AUTOMATION AND EMPLOYEE EXPERIENCE
This study aims to analyze how a human-centered HRM approach can be a strategy for balancing the benefits of AI automation with improved employee experience in the modern workplace. The study employed a literature review method, examining various scientific articles, books, proceedings, and research reports published in reputable databases on the implementation of AI in HRM. Data were analyzed through a process of identification, selection, synthesis, and interpretation of findings to gain a comprehensive understanding of the opportunities, challenges, and strategies for implementing human-centered AI. The study's results indicate that AI can optimize HRM process efficiency through the automation of administrative tasks, predictive analytics, and personalized employee development. However, the effectiveness of AI implementation depends heavily on the integration of human-centered values, such as algorithm transparency, data privacy protection, bias reduction, strengthening leadership roles, and active employee engagement in the digital transformation process. This approach enables organizations not only to improve operational performance but also to strengthen employee well-being, trust, job satisfaction, and positive employee experiences. Therefore, the success of HRM in the AI ​​era is determined not only by technological sophistication but also by the organization's ability to place humans at the center of every digital innovation.
THE ROLE OF CRIMINAL SANCTIONS AND CIVIL LIABILITY IN THE RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES CONCERNING CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
This article discusses the contribution of criminal sanctions and civil liabilities in the resolution of disputes concerning confidential information and intellectual property. The focus of the study is on how these two legal instruments operate differently yet complement one another in protecting the interests of rights holders. The research method employed is a literature review using a normative legal approach, involving an examination of legislation, academic journals and relevant legal literature. The findings indicate that criminal sanctions serve as a deterrent and a means of curbing infringing behaviour, particularly in relation to the disclosure of trade secrets and unauthorised copyright infringement. Meanwhile, civil liabilities play a role in redressing losses through compensation, the cessation of infringements, and more flexible dispute resolution mechanisms. Both underscore that legal protection for confidential information and intellectual property is not only aimed at punishing offenders but also at restoring the rights of the aggrieved party in a fair and proportionate manner.
SOCIAL MEDIA EXPOSURE AND MATERNAL ANXIETY DURING PREGNANCY
The pregnancy journey in the digital era is no longer solely influenced by the support of family and healthcare professionals, but also by the constant flow of information through social media. This study aims to analyze the relationship between social media exposure and maternal anxiety in pregnant women through a literature review approach. The method used was a literature review, examining various relevant national and international scientific articles on social media use by pregnant women and its impact on mental health. The study results indicate that high levels of social media use, particularly exposure to negative information about pregnancy complications, childbirth, and other people's traumatic experiences, are associated with increased levels of maternal anxiety. Conversely, educational social media use supported by credible information sources can help increase knowledge, self-confidence, and emotional support for pregnant women. These findings confirm that the influence of social media on maternal anxiety is ambivalent, depending on the quality of the information, digital literacy skills, and social support available to pregnant women. Therefore, efforts to improve digital health literacy and support from healthcare professionals are needed to enable pregnant women to use social media wisely and adaptively during pregnancy.
CYBERCRIME AND DAMAGES IN CIVIL LAW: TECHNICAL MEASURES AND CASE LAW IN DISPUTE RESOLUTION
This article analyses the relationship between cybercrime and claims for damages under Indonesian civil law, focusing on technical approaches and case law in dispute resolution. The research method is a legal-normative literature review examining legislation, court rulings, academic literature and policy documents relating to cybercrime, electronic evidence, restitution and Article 1365 of the Civil Code. The findings reveal three main conclusions. Firstly, the incidence of cybercrime has increased significantly, resulting in complex material and immaterial losses. Secondly, technical measures such as digital forensics, digital asset tracing, the authentication of electronic evidence, and the role of forensic experts are prerequisites for proving claims and recovering losses. Thirdly, case law and judicial practice have opened up avenues for restitution and civil claims, but these still face obstacles in the form of imprecisely formulated claims, challenges in authenticating evidence, and inconsistencies in the assessment of non-material damages. The article recommends harmonising legal standards between the criminal and civil spheres, strengthening digital forensic capabilities within law enforcement agencies, and developing jurisprudential guidelines to enhance the certainty and effectiveness of restoring victims’ rights.
CREATIVE AND COLLECTIVE SOCIAL MARKETING ORIENTATIONS AS DRIVERS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BEHAVIOR: MEDIATING ROLE OF SELF-EFFICACY
Physical inactivity remains a significant public health concern among government employees, who are often exposed to sedentary working conditions. This study aimed to examine the effects of Creative Social Marketing Orientation (Creative SMO), Collective Social Marketing Orientation (Collective SMO), and Self-Efficacy (SE) on Physical Activity Behavior (PAB) among government employees in West Java, Indonesia. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 276 employees from provincial, district, and city governments. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results demonstrated that creative SMO had a positive and significant direct effect on PAB, while Collective SMO showed no significant direct effect. SE was found to be a significant predictor of PAB. In addition, SE significantly mediated the relationships between both Creative SMO and PAB and Collective SMO and PAB. These findings highlight the critical role of SE as a psychological mechanism through which SMO influence PAB. Creative SMO can promote physical activity both directly and indirectly, whereas collective- SMO primarily operate through enhanced SE. The findings also provide practical implications for workplace health promotion programs that seek to foster active lifestyles through creative, participatory, and supportive organizational environments.
LLM LATENCY OPTIMIZATION ON NON-STANDARD QUERIES USING HYBRID SEMANTIC CACHE MIDDLEWARE
This research aims to optimize Large Language Model (LLM) latency in handling non-standard language queries through a Hybrid Semantic Cache Middleware architecture. The primary challenges in cloud LLM integration are high network latency and semantic matching failures on noisy text. The proposed method integrates the all-MiniLM-L6-v2 model with a static dictionary-based Text Normalization module and threshold optimization in FAISS. Experimental results show that the system successfully increased the Hit Rate from 11.00% to 58.00% under optimal conditions (Threshold 0.65). Furthermore, the average response latency was reduced from 4,494.00 ms (Cloud Baseline) to 17.98 ms, achieving a 99.6% speedup. This implementation proves that local caching with normalization effectively minimizes operational costs and network bottlenecks for Generative AI services in Indonesia.
THE RECONSTRUCTION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN BUILDING THE CIVILISATION OF THE UMMAH THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF NORMATIVE-DOCTRINAL AND EMPIRICAL APPROACHES
This study aims to analyse Islamic educational strategies for building a civilised society through a normative-doctrinal approach based on the Qur’an and Hadith, as well as an empirical examination of the dynamics of the digital age. The issues addressed include the moral crisis, disinformation, and the secularisation of knowledge, which highlight the weak integration of knowledge, faith, and ethics within the education system. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research, with data sources comprising the Qur’an, Hadith, and relevant scholarly literature. Data collection was conducted through documentary analysis, whilst data analysis utilised content analysis with a dialectical approach to examine the relationship between normative ideals and empirical reality.The research findings indicate that an effective Islamic educational strategy must be built integrally through three main pillars: strengthening Tawhid as a foundation of values; developing critical reasoning based on tabayyun and ‘aql as epistemological instruments; and strengthening digital ethics as a practical manifestation in social life. The integration of these three aspects not only addresses the challenges of the digital age but also reinforces the role of Islamic education as a civilisational instrument in shaping individuals who are religious, critical, and of good moral character.
GRIEVING: PROBLEMS AND EFFORTS TO ADDRESS IT FROM A SOCIAL WORK PERSPECTIVE Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
Grieving is a human response to loss, whether the loss results from death or from non-death losses such as the loss of health, employment, social roles, relationships, bodily functions, a sense of safety, and life expectations. In social work practice, grieving should not be understood merely as a sequence of emotional stages, but as a biopsychosocial-spiritual adaptation process shaped by the meaning of loss, social support, culture, spirituality, access to services, and structural vulnerability. This article aims to strengthen understanding of grieving-related problems and strategies for addressing them through a PRISMA-based systematic literature review (SLR). The literature reviewed was limited to publications from 2023 onward, with priority given to reputable articles on prolonged grief disorder (PGD), risks of prolonged grief, psychosocial interventions, family- and community-based support, digital bereavement support, and caregiver and palliative care contexts. The synthesis identified five main themes: first, the shift in the concept of grief from a stage model toward a dynamic adaptation model; second, PGD as a clinical condition that differs from normal grief, depression, and PTSD; third, risk factors that include pre-loss grief, depression, traumatic death, strong attachment, loneliness, low social support, and cultural barriers; fourth, the effectiveness of interventions that combine psychoeducation, narrative reconstruction, cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure, social support, EMDR, mindfulness, and online support; and fifth, the importance of the social worker's role in assessment, emotional validation, resource advocacy, crisis intervention, clinical referral, and strengthening social functioning. The discussion emphasizes that the purpose of intervention is not to erase grief, but to help individuals and families integrate loss into a meaningful life narrative. Recommendations are directed toward the development of tiered service models, PGD screening instruments, strengthened community support, social worker training, and Indonesian research grounded in culture and spirituality.
CYBERSECURITY FRAMEWORK FOR AUTONOMOUS ENGINEERING SYSTEMS IN INDUSTRY 5.0
The rapid adoption of autonomous engineering systems in the Industry 5.0 era has transformed industrial operations through the integration of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems, and advanced automation technologies. While these innovations enhance productivity, flexibility, and human–machine collaboration, they also introduce complex cybersecurity challenges that threaten system reliability, data integrity, operational continuity, and organizational resilience. This study aims to examine the development of cybersecurity frameworks for autonomous engineering systems within the context of Industry 5.0 through a literature review approach. The research method employs a systematic examination of scholarly articles, conference proceedings, industry reports, and relevant policy documents related to cybersecurity, autonomous systems, and Industry 5.0. The findings indicate that effective cybersecurity frameworks require a multidimensional approach encompassing risk assessment, zero-trust architecture, artificial intelligence-driven threat detection, secure communication protocols, continuous monitoring, and human-centered security governance. Furthermore, the integration of cybersecurity-by-design principles throughout the system lifecycle is essential for minimizing vulnerabilities and improving resilience against evolving cyber threats. The study concludes that a comprehensive cybersecurity framework is a critical prerequisite for ensuring the secure, reliable, and sustainable deployment of autonomous engineering systems in Industry 5.0 environments. The results contribute to the development of strategic guidelines for organizations, engineers, and policymakers seeking to strengthen cybersecurity readiness in increasingly autonomous industrial ecosystems.
ACCEPTABILITY TEST OF PROCESSED TUBER PRODUCTS AS A LOCAL FOOD ALTERNATIVE
The purpose of this study is to determine the level of acceptance of panellists towards processed sweet potato–potato patties and purple sweet potato onde-onde through organoleptic tests. This research is an experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD) involving 15 trained panelists from the academic community of Nahdlatul Ulama University of North Sumatra. The research method includes product development with various formulations, followed by a hedonic test on the attributes of taste, color, aroma, and texture using a numerical scale of 1–5. The data from the panelists' evaluations were analyzed descriptively to determine the most preferred treatment. Research results show that for perkedel products, formulation P0 (100% sweet potato, 0% potato) obtained the highest scores in all organoleptic attributes (taste 3.53; color 3.67; aroma 3.47; texture 3.67), making it the formulation most preferred by the panelists. In purple sweet potato onde-onde products, the most preferred taste attribute was found in treatment M2 (50% glutinous rice flour, 50% purple sweet potato) and M4 (100% purple sweet potato), whereas the best color, aroma, and texture were obtained in treatment M3 (25% glutinous rice flour, 75% purple sweet potato). The use of yellow sweet potatoes in full produces fritters with the best sensory quality, Meanwhile, the substitution of purple sweet potato in a balanced or dominant proportion can increase panelists' acceptance of onde-onde.
FLATTENING ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES THROUGH AI INTEGRATION: IMPACTS ON MANAGERIAL EFFECTIVENESS
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has driven significant changes in modern organizational structures, particularly in efforts to create more flexible, adaptive, and efficient organizations. This study aims to analyze the influence of AI integration on the process of streamlining organizational structures and its impact on managerial effectiveness. The research method used is a literature review by examining various scientific articles, international journals, industry reports, and academic publications relevant to digital transformation, AI in management, and the dynamics of organizational structures. The analysis was conducted descriptively and conceptually to identify the relationship between AI implementation, the reduction of organizational hierarchies, and changes in managerial roles in decision-making. The results of the study indicate that AI integration can reduce organizational dependence on complex bureaucratic structures through process automation, accelerated information flow, and increased transparency in internal communications. These conditions enable organizations to build flatter structures with shorter and more responsive coordination paths. Furthermore, managerial effectiveness is increased through the support of data-driven systems that facilitate real-time planning, monitoring, and performance evaluation. However, this transformation also presents challenges in the form of changes in organizational culture, the need to improve digital competencies, and potential resistance from middle management. This study concludes that AI integration plays a crucial role in driving organizational efficiency and redefining managerial functions toward more collaborative, strategic, and technology-driven leadership styles.
LEGAL LIABILITY OF PERPETRATORS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: AN INTEGRATED PERSPECTIVE OF CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW IN THE PROTECTION OF VICTIMS
Domestic violence is a form of legal and human rights violation that causes physical, psychological, sexual and economic harm to victims within the household. Law No. 23 of 2004 emphasises that the elimination of domestic violence is aimed at preventing violence, prosecuting perpetrators and protecting victims; consequently, its handling cannot be limited solely to private family matters. This study aims to analyse the legal liability of perpetrators of domestic violence through an integrated perspective of criminal and civil law in the protection of victims. The method used is a literature review, examining legislation, legal literature, and relevant academic sources regarding domestic violence, victim protection, restitution, and the restoration of victims’ rights. The findings indicate that criminal legal liability serves to affirm prohibitions, establish the perpetrator’s guilt, and impose sanctions as a form of accountability for acts of domestic violence. However, a criminal approach alone is insufficient, as victims often suffer multiple layers of harm requiring concrete redress through civil mechanisms, including claims for damages and restitution. Perma No. 1 of 2022 strengthens victim recovery by stipulating that restitution may take the form of compensation for loss of wealth or income, material and immaterial losses, medical and psychological care costs, as well as other losses directly related to the criminal offence. Thus, the protection of victims of domestic violence demands an integrated approach between criminal and civil law so that justice does not merely end with the punishment of the perpetrator, but also provides effective redress, ongoing protection, and a guarantee of dignity for the victim.
ÉTUDE TERMINOLOGIQUE DE THE GREATEST MISTAKE D’AFUNUGO
La traduction des romans africains vers des langues europhones se heurte souvent au problème de l'asymétrie culturelle, où les concepts indigènes perdent leur profondeur spirituelle. Cette étude aborde ce problème à travers une analyse terminologique rigoureuse du roman The Greatest Mistake d'Afunugo. Méthodologiquement, la recherche adopte une approche multidimensionnelle (cognitive, pragmatique et communicative) pour extraire et classifier les termes clés dans un catalogue terminographique, tout en les comparant aux traditions orales igbo. Les résultats révèlent que des termes pivots comme Iwa ji, Iroko et Eke fonctionnent comme des signifiants culturels denses qui ancrent le récit. Face aux défis de l'intraduisibilité et de l'ambiguïté sémantique, l'évaluation montre que les techniques de transposition et de modulation réussissent à équilibrer la fidélité textuelle et l'accessibilité pour le public cible. En conclusion, cette étude démontre qu'une approche terminologique structurée est indispensable pour combler les vides interprétatifs et préserver l'intégrité artistique de l'œuvre originale.
INVESTIGATING STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF USING FLIPPED CLASSROOM IN EFL WRITING
This study aims to investigate students’ perceptions of the implementation of the flipped classroom method in EFL writing. A quantitative approach with a descriptive survey design was used in this study. The participants were 50 students from the English Education Study Program at UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed via Google Forms and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results show that students generally have positive perceptions of the flipped classroom. The method helps students better understand writing materials, improves their writing skills, and increases their readiness before class through pre-learning activities. In addition, students become more active and engaged during classroom activities, and the level of interaction also improves. Furthermore, the flipped classroom enhances students’ confidence and motivation in writing. Students also find the method easy to follow and feel comfortable using it. Most of them prefer the flipped classroom over traditional learning methods. The flipped classroom is an effective approach for teaching EFL writing, as it supports students’ learning experiences and promotes a more interactive and student-centered learning environment
students’ perception writing skills motivation
SOCIAL MEDIA-BASED ACADEMIC WRITING INSTRUCTION IN INDONESIAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
The development of digital technology and social media has brought significant changes to the learning process in higher education, including in academic writing. This study aims to analyze the implementation of social media-based academic writing learning in higher education institutions in Indonesia through a literature review approach. The research method used is a literature study by reviewing various scientific articles, national and international journals, proceedings, and relevant academic sources that discuss the use of social media in academic writing learning in higher education environments. The results of the study indicate that the use of social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Instagram, YouTube, Facebook, and Google Classroom can improve academic interaction, student collaboration, writing creativity, and learning motivation in the academic writing process. Social media also provides easy access to learning resources, rapid feedback, and learning flexibility that support the development of students' scientific writing skills. In addition, the use of social media in academic writing learning is considered effective in creating a more participatory and communicative learning environment. However, several challenges are faced, such as distractions from social media use, low academic digital literacy, and the potential for plagiarism in the writing process. This study concludes that social media-based academic writing learning has significant potential to improve the quality of academic writing instruction in Indonesian universities if supported by appropriate pedagogical strategies, strong academic supervision, and ongoing technology integration. This research is expected to serve as a reference for academics and educational institutions in developing effective digital learning innovations that are adaptive to technological developments.
DIGITAL HR TRANSFORMATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN FIRMS
Digital transformation in human resource management has become a crucial strategy for technology-based companies to improve organizational effectiveness and business competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the impact of digital HR transformation on organizational performance in technology-oriented companies through a literature review approach. The research method used is a literature study by reviewing various scientific articles, international journals, research reports, and relevant academic sources that discuss digital HR transformation and organizational performance in the context of modern companies. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of digital technology in HR functions, such as the use of artificial intelligence, big data analytics, cloud-based HR systems, and automated recruitment, can improve operational efficiency, employee productivity, decision-making quality, and organizational flexibility in facing business changes. In addition, digital HR transformation also contributes to increased employee engagement, the development of digital competencies, and the acceleration of organizational innovation. However, several challenges remain, including resistance to change, limited digital competency of human resources, and issues of data security and privacy. This study concludes that digital HR transformation plays a strategic role in driving organizational performance improvement in technology-based companies when supported by adaptive leadership, an innovative organizational culture, and adequate technological readiness. This research is expected to serve as an academic and practical reference for organizations in designing sustainable digital-based HR management strategies.
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ORAL TRADITIONS OF ONANG-ONANG CULTURE THROUGH CULTURAL LITERACY TO IMPROVE THE COMMUNITY LITERACY DEVELOPMENT INDEX
This study aims to analyse the reconstruction of the Onang-Onang oral tradition based on cultural literacy as an effort to improve the Community Literacy Development Index (IPLM). Onang-Onang is an oral tradition of the Mandailing people that embodies aesthetic, moral, religious and social values, and serves as a medium for the intergenerational transmission of cultural values. However, the passage of time, modernisation, and the declining interest of the younger generation in local traditions have posed challenges to the continuity of Onang-Onang. This study employs a literature review method with a descriptive-analytical approach through the examination of various relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that the reconstruction of Onang-Onang can be achieved through documentation, digitisation, reinterpretation of meaning, and integration into education and community literacy activities. These strategies not only ensure the continuity of the tradition but also broaden public access to local cultural knowledge. Thus, the reconstruction of Onang-Onang art based on cultural literacy has the potential to be an effective step in strengthening cultural identity whilst supporting the contextual and sustainable improvement of the Community Literacy Development Index (IPLM).
ACCREDITATION AS A QUALITY ASSURANCE INSTRUMENT IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
School/madrasah accreditation is one of the key instruments in Indonesia’s education quality assurance system. This study aims to analyze school/madrasah accreditation policies within the national education quality assurance system, identify the principles underlying their implementation, and describe the role of educational institutions in the accreditation process. This research employs a literature review method by examining various regulations, scientific journals, and relevant policy documents. The findings indicate that accreditation policies in Indonesia have a strong legal foundation, ranging from Law No. 20 of 2003 to the latest IASP 2020 instrument. The implementation of accreditation is based on the principles of objectivity, comprehensiveness, fairness, transparency, accountability, professionalism, as well as meaningfulness, inclusivity, and contextuality. Educational institutions play an active and strategic role in the accreditation process, ranging from self-preparation and the conduct of site visits to follow-up on accreditation results as part of continuous quality improvement efforts. Accreditation is not merely an administrative process but serves as a means for reflection and comprehensive improvement of educational quality.
FRAGMENTATION AND HARMONISATION IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE IMPACT OF REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS ON THE WTO’S MULTILATERAL SYSTEM IN THE POST-PANDEMIC ERA
This article examines the dynamics of fragmentation and harmonisation in international trade law in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic through a literature review, focusing on the impact of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) on the multilateral system of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The process of fragmentation is described in the context of the proliferation of RTAs, which gives rise to overlapping norms, inconsistent rules, and uncertainty for member and non-member states, particularly developing countries. On the other hand, this article asserts that RTAs can serve as “building blocks” for normative integration if designed in a manner compatible and transparent with WTO principles. Through adjustment mechanisms, dispute settlement, and plurilateral initiatives, the WTO demonstrates an adaptive capacity to maintain the coherence of the international trade law system amidst the proliferation of RTAs. Thus, this article concludes that fragmentation and harmonisation are not dichotomous but interrelated; the sustainability of the WTO’s multilateral system depends heavily on the capacity for coordination and harmonisation between regional and multilateral regimes in the post-pandemic era of global trade.
THE RECONFIGURATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW IN THE DIGITAL AGE: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE REGULATION AND DATA SOVEREIGNTY CHALLENGES
The digital age has revolutionised international trade law through the expansion of cross-border e-commerce, which demands a reconfiguration of global regulations, whilst challenges regarding data sovereignty create a fundamental conflict between the free flow of data and national control. This literature review analyses the dynamics of legal harmonisation through the WTO E-commerce Initiative, the UNCITRAL Model Law, the ASEAN Agreement on Electronic Commerce (Law No. 4/2021), as well as a comparison of the European GDPR-DSA regulations, the US sectoral approach, and Indonesia’s Personal Data Protection Law, identifying gaps in consumer protection, electronic contracts, digital taxation, and ODR dispute resolution. Key findings underscore the need for a hybrid approach combining global minimum standards with national flexibility, particularly for developing countries facing big tech dominance and regulatory fragmentation, with recommendations to strengthen the ASEAN Data Adequacy Framework and sovereign cloud infrastructure to safeguard information sovereignty amidst the liberalisation of digital trade.
EXTENSIVE READING AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO VOCABULARY GROWTH IN EFL LEARNERS
This study aims to examine the contribution of extensive reading to vocabulary growth in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners through a literature review approach. The method used was a literature review, reviewing various relevant scientific articles, books, and research reports related to extensive reading practices and vocabulary acquisition. The results of the study indicate that extensive reading has a significant impact on increasing the number and quality of learners' vocabulary, primarily through repeated exposure to words in meaningful contexts. Furthermore, reading activities that are independent, enjoyable, and appropriate to the learner's ability level have been shown to increase learning motivation and strengthen long-term vocabulary retention. Factors such as selecting appropriate reading materials, reading frequency, and a supportive learning environment also play important roles in optimizing learning outcomes. Thus, extensive reading can be an effective strategy for vocabulary development for EFL learners when implemented consistently and in a structured manner.
PUBLIC PERCEPTION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INTEGRATED ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN TOJO UNA-UNA REGENCY
This research aims to describe; (1) What is the community's perception of the implementation of curriculum management (2) What is the community's perception of the implementation of school and community relations management at SD IT AL- Wahdah Tojo Una-Una. This research uses mixed research methods with an exploratory type of research. Data collection techniques through observation, distribution of questionnaires, interviews and documentation studies. The data analysis process was carried out using descriptive percentage analysis techniques. The research results show that: (1) community perception of curriculum implementation at SD IT Al-Wahdah Tojo Una-Una with a percentage of 85.85% is in the good category. This can be seen in the implementation of curriculum management functions in planning, implementation and also the evaluation process. By combining the national curriculum and the Wahdah Islamiyah curriculum, this school is much sought after by the public. (2) Community perception of the implementation of school and community relations management at SD IT Al-Wahdah Tojo Una-Una with a percentage of 88.17% is in the good category. This can be seen in the planning, implementation and evaluation of the management of school and community relations which has been carried out well, so that through these public relations activities SD IT Al-Wahdah Tojo Una-Una is increasingly known to the community.
implementation of school and community relations management
ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE INDONESIA–MALAYSIA BORDER REGION: FROM TRADITIONAL BARTER SYSTEMS TO A MODERN CROSS-BORDER TRADE ECOSYSTEM
This study examines the economic transformation of the Indonesia–Malaysia border region from traditional barter systems to a modern cross-border trade ecosystem. The research adopts a qualitative approach, drawing on recent Scopus-indexed literature, policy reports, and relevant academic sources. The findings reveal that the transformation process is multidimensional, involving the interactions among economic integration, institutional development, technological advancement, and socio-cultural adaptation. While the introduction of formal trade systems has enhanced market efficiency, expanded trade volumes, and improved regional connectivity, traditional barter practices and informal trade continue to persist, forming a hybrid economic structure in border areas. Furthermore, the study identifies key challenges, including institutional fragmentation, regulatory inconsistencies, limited infrastructure, and unequal access to economic opportunities, which contribute to uneven development across border regions. Digitalization is a critical driver of the transition toward a modern trade ecosystem, particularly through the expansion of e-commerce and digital financial services. However, socio-cultural factors remain influential, as local communities maintain traditional practices based on trust and social networks. This study contributes to the literature by providing an integrative perspective that bridges economic, institutional, and socio-cultural dimensions of border economic transformation. The findings highlight the importance of inclusive policy design that accommodates both formal and informal systems to ensure sustainable and equitable development.
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN THE AGE OF TECHNOLOGY: BRIDGING ACCESSIBILITY AND EQUITY GAPS
The development of digital technology has brought significant changes to the education system, including strengthening inclusive education practices oriented towards equal access and justice for all students. The research method used a literature review by reviewing various scientific articles, books, policy reports, and relevant academic publications on inclusive education, educational technology, and the issue of equal access to learning. The results of the study indicate that technology has the potential to increase the participation of students with special needs through the use of adaptive assistive devices, flexible learning platforms, artificial intelligence, and disability-friendly learning media. In addition, technology can also expand the reach of education for marginalized groups in remote areas through online learning systems and open learning resources. However, the effectiveness of its implementation is greatly influenced by teacher readiness, policy support, the availability of facilities, and the commitment of educational institutions to the principle of inclusivity.
GAMIFICATION OF LIBRARY ORIENTATION AND INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS TRAINING IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES
Gamification is a recent teaching technique in academic libraries that is turning the conventional library orientation and information literacy (IL) training into engaging, student-centred learning experiences. This research investigates the use of gamification design elements (points, badges, quests and leaderboards) in library instruction to improve student engagement, motivation, and learning. Building on existing learning theories, such as Self-Determination Theory, Constructivism, Experiential Learning, and Behaviourism, the paper proposes a theoretical model of gamification design and IL. The research takes a conceptual and design-based approach to examine the effects of gamified activities on user experiences and learning. The study reveals that gamification enhances library use, enhances IL skills and engages users in learning. The research finds that gamification is an effective and scalable teaching strategy which transforms academic libraries into active learning spaces that support academic achievement and lifelong learning.
THE TRANSFORMATION OF EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATION IN THE ERA OF SMART TECHNOLOGY: THE INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DIGITAL MEDIA IN ENHANCING ACADEMIC COMMUNICATION LITERACY
The era of smart technology has transformed the paradigm of educational communication through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital media, which has significantly enhanced academic communication literacy. This study examines this transformation through two main discussions: (1) the role of AI in personalising learning through educational chatbots, automated writing tools, and adaptive learning systems that provide real-time feedback to improve students’ writing and critical thinking skills; and (2) digital media strategies such as Learning Management Systems (LMS), online discussion forums, and collaborative platforms that facilitate global interaction and the production of multimedia content. Using a qualitative literature review approach, this study identifies the synergy between AI and digital media in creating an adaptive and inclusive learning ecosystem, despite facing ethical challenges such as plagiarism, technological dependency, and the digital access gap. The findings confirm that a holistic approach integrating AI ethics regulation, digital literacy training, and equitable infrastructure is necessary to optimise this transformation. The conclusion offers recommendations for the development of technology literacy curricula and institutional collaboration to prepare graduates for the era of digital disruption. Overall, the integration of AI and digital media is not merely a technical innovation, but the foundation of sustainable higher education in the 21st century.
UNVEILING THE DRIVERS OF SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: A CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE
This study aims to examine the influence of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) components namely customer knowledge, customer orientation, and technology capability on sustainable competitive advantage from a customer perspective. The research addresses inconsistencies in prior findings regarding the effectiveness of CRM components in generating sustainable competitive advantage, particularly within the Islamic banking sector. A quantitative approach was employed using survey data collected from 110 customers of Bank Syariah Indonesia in Banjarmasin, focusing on Generation Z and millennial segments. The data were analyzed using SmartPLS 3.0 through structural equation modeling techniques. The results indicate that customer orientation and technology capability have a positive and significant effect on sustainable competitive advantage. In contrast, customer knowledge does not show a significant influence. These findings suggest that from the customer perspective the ability of firms to respond to customer needs and utilize technology plays a more critical role in creating unique and difficult to imitate value than merely possessing customer related knowledge. This study contributes to the CRM and Resource Based View literature by highlighting the contextual role of CRM components in shaping competitive advantage in Islamic banking.