INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education
International Journal of Social and Education (INJOSEDU) Published once a month every year and serves as a peer-reviewed journal specializing in field research and literary reviews related to social, cultural, economic, political and educational issues. The aim is to offer the reader a better understanding of Humanities and Social Sciences and to present progress through the publication of articles and research reports, which include field studies and literature reviews. This journal invites scholars and experts working in all disciplines. The article must be original, based on field research and literature, never previously published, and not being considered to be published in other journals. All papers submitted will be reviewed by the Editor, the editorial board, and the blind reviewer. Submissions that violate the format or length guidelines will be rejected without review. International Journal of Social and Education (INJOSEDU) is a journal that deals with social, cultural, economic, political and educational issues. Education covers all kinds of fields of education, in the sphere of family, school, and even higher education. The field of education is not confined to either general education or special education, as is the case with the social sphere. International Journal of Social and Education (INJOSEDU) index by:
CRISIS INTERVENTION APPROACHES IN SOCIAL WORK:EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE FROM A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW PERSPECTIVE
This study aims to analyze crisis intervention approaches in social work based on evidence based practice through a systematic review of scientific literature published between 2010 and 2025. The method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses) guidelines. Data sources were obtained from international databases (Scopus, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis, ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar) and national databases (Garuda and Neliti). Out of a total of 785 identified articles, 25 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using a thematic approach. The findings reveal four major crisis intervention models commonly applied in social work practice: Roberts’ Seven Stage Crisis Intervention Model, Task Centered Practice (TCP), Crisis Oriented Family Therapy, and the Community Crisis Response Model. The Roberts model was found to be effective in reducing acute stress symptoms and enhancing individual coping skills; TCP demonstrated strengths in time efficiency and client engagement; crisis oriented family therapy successfully reduced relational conflicts; while community based models contributed to increased resilience and social solidarity. These findings underscore the importance of integrating evidence based approaches into social work education, practice, and policy development in Indonesia. Further local research is needed to adapt crisis intervention models to Indonesia’s socio cultural context, as well as to formulate national policies that establish standard operating procedures for crisis intervention across various social service settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education
INTEGRATION OF WEARABLE DEVICES TECHNOLOGY IN HEALTH MONITORING AND CHRONIC DISEASE MANAGEMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL HEALTH AND ITS IMPACT ON SELF-CARE
This study examines the integration of wearable device technology in health monitoring and chronic disease management through a literature review approach. The results show that this technology is effective in shifting the paradigm from reactive care to predictive healthcare, although it is limited by challenges such as data accuracy, digital fatigue, access disparities, and the need for digital literacy. Therefore, this study recommends a hybrid intervention model based on wearables integrated with local coaching and JKN infrastructure for the Indonesian context, in order to maximise the sustainable transformation of chronic disease management
THE AUTHORITY OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL IN MAINTAINING INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ANALYSIS OF ARTICLES 24-25 OF THE UN CHARTER, MEMBER STATES' COMPLIANCE OBLIGATIONS, AND THE LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF RESOLUTIONS ON GLOBAL THREATS AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
This study analyses the binding authority of the UN Security Council in maintaining international peace and security through a systematic literature review of Articles 24–25 of the UN Charter, the obligations of member states, and the legal implications of resolutions on global threats. The findings confirm that Chapter VII resolutions are legally binding under Article 25, requiring states to implement sanctions, adjust national laws, and cooperate in dealing with terrorism (Resolution 1373), nuclear proliferation (Resolution 1718/2397), and the establishment of ad hoc tribunals. Although effective in the evolution of jus cogens norms, the challenges of veto politicisation and compliance gaps undermine the legitimacy of international law enforcement
ANALYSIS OF MARKETING COSTS, PROFIT MARGINS AMONG ACTORS, MARKETING CHANNEL EFFICIENCY, AND FARMER'S SHARE DISTRIBUTION IN THE PALM OIL MARKETING SYSTEM: A LITERATURE REVIEW BASED ON A VALUE-ADDED APPROACH
This study analyses marketing costs, profit margins between actors, marketing channel efficiency, and farmer's share distribution in the Indonesian palm oil marketing system through a literature review. The results show high marketing costs of Rp450-1,200/kg (22-30% of the fresh fruit bunch price), margin disparities (farmers 25-35% vs mill 35-42% added value), average channel efficiency of 24.6% (ideal <15%), and a national farmer's share of 71.4% (standard >80%) due to long supply chains and local oligopsony. The value-added approach reveals a redistribution potential of 12-18% through channel shortening, e-FFB trading digitalisation, and plasma partnerships recommended to increase systemic efficiency by 15-20% and the welfare of farmers managing 40% of the national area
TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE-BASED EDUCATION AS A PILLAR OF INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADAPTIVE, INCLUSIVE, AND SUSTAINABLE LEARNING MODELS IN THE DIGITAL AGE
This study aims to examine the role of technology and science-based education as a pillar of intellectual development in the 21st century through a literature review approach. Digital transformation has changed the paradigm of education from a conventional model to an adaptive, inclusive, and sustainable learning system. Technology not only functions as a learning tool, but also as a catalyst for the formation of a creative, critical, and innovative knowledge-based society. This study highlights how the integration of technology and science strengthens intellectual competitiveness through expanded access, personalised learning, and the strengthening of 21st-century competencies such as critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and digital literacy. In addition, a conceptual framework for adaptive, inclusive, and sustainable learning models has been developed as a strategic solution to global challenges in modern education. The results of the study show that the successful implementation of this model depends on the readiness of human resources, digital infrastructure support, and progressive and humanistic education policies. Thus, technology- and science-based education not only improves academic quality but also shapes intellectual and social characters that are relevant to the demands of the digital age without abandoning human values
EVALUATION OF PANCASILA-BASED LEARNING IN THE MERDEKA CURRICULUM: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF AUTHENTIC, FORMATIVE, AND SUMMATIVE APPROACHES TO MEASURING STUDENTS' HOLISTIC COMPETENCE IN THE ERA OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
This study aims to analyse the concepts, approaches, and implications of Pancasila Student Profile-based learning evaluation in the context of the Merdeka Curriculum implementation. This study uses library research methods by collecting and analysing various relevant theoretical and empirical sources on authentic, formative, and summative assessments in measuring students' holistic competencies. The results of the study show that the learning evaluation paradigm has transformed from a system of measuring cognitive outcomes alone to a comprehensive assessment model oriented towards balancing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. The authentic approach emphasises the importance of project-based and real-life assessments that reflect the application of Pancasila values; formative assessment serves to provide continuous feedback to build reflection and self-improvement; while summative assessment is a validation tool to objectively assess the achievement of final competencies. In the context of inclusive education, the combination of these three approaches plays an important role in creating an adaptive, fair, and diverse evaluation system for students. Thus, learning evaluation in the Merdeka Curriculum not only functions as an academic measurement tool but also as a means of character building and strengthening human values in the lifelong learning process.
THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT ON ELDERLY RESILIENCE:A CASE STUDY IN SUKAMANAH VILLAGE, PANGALENGAN SUB-DISTRICT,BANDUNG REGENCY, WEST JAVA
Older adults constitute a population group that experiences various biological, psychological, and social changes as part of the aging process. These changes may affect their ability to maintain well-being and social functioning. One important factor believed to play a role in sustaining the psychosocial resilience of older adults is social support received from family members and the surrounding social environment. This study aims to analyze the effect of social support on the resilience of older adults in Sukamanah Village, Pangalengan Sub-district, Bandung Regency, West Java. This study employed a quantitative approach with descriptive and analytical designs. The respondents consisted of 57 older adults aged 60 years and above, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires measuring social support and elderly resilience. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman correlation tests, and simple linear regression analysis. The results show that the level of social support among older adults falls within the moderate to high category, with a mean score of 171.77, while the level of elderly resilience is categorized as high, with a mean score of 4.21. Correlation analysis indicates a positive and significant relationship between social support and elderly resilience. Furthermore, the simple linear regression analysis reveals that social support has a significant effect on elderly resilience, contributing 23.6% to the variance in resilience. These findings suggest that older adults who receive better social support tend to have higher adaptive capacity and psychological resilience in facing challenges in later life. This study concludes that social support is an important factor in strengthening elderly resilience. Therefore, strengthening family- and community-based social support should become a key priority in the planning of programs and policies for elderly welfare at the village level
AI-POWERED INTELLIGENT SYSTEM MODEL FOR DEFECT DETECTION IN THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
The rapid advancement of the electronics manufacturing industry demands extremely high precision to achieve zero-defect production standards. However, conventional manual inspection processes remain constrained by human fatigue, subjectivity, and limited inspection speed. To address these limitations, this study proposes an AI-powered intelligent inspection system based on Deep Learning for real-time defect classification in electronic component manufacturing. The proposed approach integrates a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture with an attention mechanism to enhance feature representation by focusing on defect-prone regions, such as soldering anomalies, missing components, and surface cracks. The research methodology encompasses a complete processing pipeline, starting from the utilization of a publicly available high-resolution PCB defect image dataset, followed by systematic data augmentation to mitigate class imbalance, and the application of a lightweight CNN-based feature extraction framework to support efficient inference. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 98.5%, outperforming conventional machine vision–based inspection approaches with a significantly lower false discovery rate. Furthermore, robustness evaluations indicate that the system maintains stable performance under varying lighting conditions and simulated production speeds. These findings confirm the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed intelligent inspection system as a practical solution for automated quality assurance in smart manufacturing environments.
EXPLORATION OF EGGSHELLS WASTE AS A SUSTAINABLE INTERIOR MATERIAL THROUGH MATERIAL-DRIVEN DESIGN (MDD)
Food waste has become a pressing environmental issue within global sustainability discourse, yet it also holds significant potential as an alternative material resource. Among various food waste by-products, eggshell waste is abundant and rich in calcium carbonate, but remains largely underutilized in design contexts. Existing studies on eggshells predominantly focus on technical or performance based applications, leaving their experiential, aesthetic, and spatial potential underexplored. This study investigates the transformation of eggshell waste into a bio-based composite material for non-structural interior applications using the Material-Driven Design (MDD) framework. Adopting a practice-based design research approach, the study follows the full MDD sequence, encompassing material understanding, material characterization and experience, application vision, and material integration. Experimental exploration was conducted through variations in binder types, particle sizes, and mixing ratios, followed by surface finishing, color exploration, and tactile evaluation. The optimized material formulation was subsequently translated into a three-dimensional modular panel design and integrated with a lightweight metal framing system to examine its applicability within an interior context. The findings demonstrate that eggshell waste can be developed into a stable and expressive decorative surface material, where material behavior directly informs form, texture, and design decisions. By positioning eggshell waste as a design-active material, this research contributes to sustainable interior design discourse and highlights the relevance of Material-Driven Design as a methodology for transforming food waste into meaningful interior material applications.
ORGANOLEPTIC TEST OF CHICKEN MEATBALLS WITH WHITE TOFU SUBSTITUTION AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS
Meatballs are a processed meat product that is well-known and loved by the public. Meatballs are one of the food products regulated by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). One parameter for determining whether a meatball product is good or not is its elasticity. People tend to prefer meatballs with a chewy texture and not hard. Factors that influence meatball texture are the composition of the meatball, the manufacturing process, and the heating time. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of white tofu can affect the quality of chicken meatballs and to determine the best percentage of white tofu in making meatballs so that it can substitute the use of chicken. This study used different percentages of white tofu, namely 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Organoleptic tests were carried out on taste, color, texture, and aroma. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan test. The best treatment with the highest average results in making chicken meatballs with white tofu substitution for organoleptic quality based on taste, color, texture, and aroma was in the control treatment P1 with the addition of 0% white tofu with an average score of 3.9 which was in the very like category, followed by P2 with the addition of 25% white tofu with an average score of 3.4667 which was in the like category.
INDICATORS FOR ACHIEVING THE SUCCESS OF MIDWIVES' EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS: A REVIEW FROM MIDWIFERY SERVICES
Effective communication is a fundamental skill in midwifery, playing a crucial role in building trust, ensuring the safety of patients, and enhancing the health outcomes for both mothers and newborns. This review of existing literature focuses on studies that evaluate the communication skills of midwives across different healthcare settings. The research included articles published from 2015 to 2025, sourced from databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The findings show that midwives use various forms of communication, including spoken words, body language, written notes, and interactions with others, all of which greatly influence the quality of care they provide. While many studies indicate that midwives often show empathy and are good listeners, there are still challenges in areas such as being confident in expressing needs, maintaining proper records, and communicating effectively across different cultures. It is important for midwives to recognize the signs of effective communication in their work, such as possessing strong communication abilities, understanding human behavior, having training in effective communication techniques, and being able to use technology. The review concludes that ongoing learning and development in communication skills are vital for improving midwives' abilities and delivering care that is centered around the needs of patients.
THE GAPS ANALYSIS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES IN INDONESIA BASED ON ACTUAL OUTCOMES
This journal aims to analyse the gaps in the implementation of climate change policies based on actual results occurring in Indonesia. The research methodology used is qualitative descriptive, which will help the paper understand the phenomenon and find facts about the gaps in the implementation of climate change policies in Indonesia. Methods of data collection using document studies. The results show that the implementation of climate change policies in Indonesia has not been maximised due to various regulations, meaning Indonesia has not been able to meet its commitments to the Paris agreement. Reasons for the lack of progress include a lack of budgetary intervention in supporting various climate change policy programmes, Indonesia's economic development that is not in accordance with its climate change commitments, and ongoing deforestation
ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL AND DIGITAL BANKING SYSTEMS ON CUSTOMER TRUST AND PURCHASING DECISIONS BY USING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION ADOPTION AS MEDIATION
This study aims to analyze the influence of traditional and digital banking systems on customer trust and purchasing decisions with the adoption of technological innovation as a mediating variable. The population of this study is bank customers domiciled in the Greater Jakarta area who have made online transactions or use mobile banking and ATM services at least once. The sampling technique used is non-probability purposive sampling with a total of 200 respondents. Data analysis is quantitative using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method with the assistance of the LISREL 8.80 program. The result shows that bank branch offices, mobile banking, and artificial intelligence (AI) have a positive and significant effect on customer trust. Meanwhile the presence of ATMs, transfer fees, interest rates, and social media marketing have no direct effect. The adoption of technological innovation has proven to mediate the positive influence of digital factors such as mobile banking, AI, and interest rates on customer trust. Customer trust has a significant effect on purchasing decisions. The originality of this study lies in positioning of technological innovation adoption as a mediating variable that bridges the relationship between banking system transformation and the building of customer trust. It emphasizes the role of technological innovation adoption as a determining factor in the success of banking digitalization in Indonesia
ANTECEDENTS OF TURNOVER INTENTION AND THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR AS A MEDIATOR IN TRAVEL AGENT EMPLOYEES IN INDONESIA
This study was conducted to analyze the influence of workplace friendship, work stress, and psychological empowerment on turnover intention in travel agent companies in Indonesia, mediated by organizational citizenship behavior. This study used a quantitative approach with 1,020 respondents as the main subject who are the members of the Association of The Indonesian Tours and Travel Agencies (ASITA) and have worked for more than 3 months. Cross-sectional and one-shot data collection is conducted through the distribution of questionnaires in the form of Google Forms. The proposed model includes 10 hypotheses which are tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The majority of respondents are women aged 25–34 years, with high school education, 1–5 years of work experience, and working in the front office division. The results show that workplace friendship and psychological empowerment have a significant positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior, while work stress had a significant positive effect on turnover intention. Organizational citizenship behavior does not act as a mediating variable. This study proposes the concept of mission power in the job (MPJ) as the meaning of work that can reduce turnover intention. In addition, the effectiveness of workplace friendship is strengthened through teamwork communication (TWC), while time load, mental effort load, and psychological load are the main sources of work stress for travel agent employees
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF MEN LOOKING AT WOMEN IN THE BOOK KIFAYATU AL-AKHYAR BY IMAM TAQIYUDDIN AL HUSAINI
This study discusses the law of men looking at women in the perspective of the Kitab Kifayatu al-Akhyar by Imam Taqiyuddin al-Husaini, one of the great scholars of the Shafi'i school whose works are often used as references in the study of fiqh. This problem has a high urgency given that interaction between men and women in social life is inevitable, while Islamic sharia sets certain limits to maintain honor and prevent slander. This research aims to analyze the concepts, legal classifications, and basics of istinbath used by Imam Taqiyuddin al-Husaini in establishing the law of seeing women. This research is a library research with a normative-juridical approach. The main source of data is Kitab Kifayatu al-Akhyar fi Halli Ghayati al-Ikhtishar, while the supporting data sources come from the fiqh books of the Shafi'i school and relevant scientific literature. The data collection technique was carried out through documentation studies, while the data analysis used a descriptive-analytical method. The results of the study show that Imam Taqiyuddin al-Husaini divides men's views of women into several categories of law based on the existence or absence of the need and the potential for slander. Basically, seeing ajnabiyah women without a need that is justified by sharia is haram. However, in certain conditions such as the purpose of marriage and other shari'i needs, viewing is allowed with strict restrictions. This provision reflects the balance between legal strictness and benefit, and is relevant as a guideline for social ethics in the life of the Muslim community.
THE LEVEL OF EMPLOYING EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY BY BASIC EDUCATION TEACHERS IN LIGHT OF TOTAL QUALITY STANDARDS IN THE DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION OF UNIVERSITY DISTRICT
This study aimed to investigate the level to which male and female basic education teachers employ educational technology in light of total quality standards within the Directorate of Education of the University District, and to examine differences according to gender, academic qualification, and years of experience during the first semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and utilized a questionnaire as the data collection instrument. The questionnaire comprised four main domains: learning objectives and competencies, assessment and measurement, educational materials and technology use, and learner support, accessibility, and interaction. These domains included 27 items, measured on a five-point Likert scale. The study sample consisted of 826 teachers, 39.9% male and 60.1% female, selected through simple random sampling. The results indicated that the overall level of technology use was high. Among the domains, assessment and measurement ranked first, followed by learner support, accessibility, and interaction, while learning objectives and competencies, and educational materials and technology use ranked lowest. The findings also revealed statistically significant differences in favor of female teachers, whereas no significant differences observed regarding academic qualification or years of experience. The researcher recommends leveraging female teachers’ commitment to closely monitoring the educational process, providing continuous feedback, and creating interactive learning environments
IMPROVING THE SERVICE EXCELLENCE OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL THROUGH PRINCIPAL LEADERSHIP IN SMK NEGERI PADANG
The purpose of this study is to see how principals of public vocational schools in Padang City can lead their workforce to provide better and more efficient services. The existing phenomenon in the education industry is the low standard of service quality provided by administrative staff. The purpose of the predictors that influence principals' leadership is to improve the performance of school administrative staff. The purpose of this study is to find out how the administrative staff of public vocational high schools in Padang City can provide better and improved services under the direction of the school principal. To achieve the research objectives, this study employed a qualitative approach, conducted in accordance with the established criteria. 67 members of the school administration who became informants in the data collection process, which involved observations and interviews. The model approach developed by Miles and Huberman was used to scrutinise the qualitative data. The results showed that the quality of principals' leadership remains at a moderate level, as do their efforts to improve the standard of administrative services provided to SMK Negeri in Padang City. The research also shows that principals' leadership is a key factor in improving the quality of services provided by school administrative staff. To improve the standard of services provided by school administrative staff, it is recommended that principals engage more actively and creatively with education stakeholders and other administrative team members. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that to improve the quality of services provided by the school's administrative Staff and principals' leadership, it needs to be strengthened.
DESIGN OF SUSTAINABILITY-BASED MULTIFUNCTIONAL FURNITURE TO ENHANCE THE FLEXIBILITY OF COLLABORATIVE SPACES AT THE“WORK UNUSUAL” COFFEE SHOP
This study discusses the design of multifunctional furniture at the “Work Unusual” coffee shop, which features collaborative spaces with a high intensity of collaboration and requires spatial flexibility. The main problem arises from users’ needs for adaptive, ergonomic, and sustainable furniture, while the existing facilities have not fully supported the variety of community activities. This study aims to identify user needs, evaluate existing conditions, and formulate alternative furniture designs that are more functional and responsive to collaborative activities. The research employs an exploratory mixed-methods approach, in which the qualitative stage serves as the foundation for an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. Data were collected through observations, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation to explore user experiences related to functionality, flexibility, and sustainability aspects of the furniture used at “Work Unusual.” The collected data were then used to develop quantitative instruments, which were analyzed using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method to determine the most optimal design alternative. The design process follows the stages of design thinking as a systematic approach to solving design problems. The results indicate that users require furniture that is multifunctional, flexible, and compatible with various activities such as workshops, bazaars, and dine-in activities. The SAW analysis shows that functionality, flexibility, sustainability, and aesthetics are the main determining factors in user preferences. In addition, the study finds that sustainable materials and modular designs have the greatest potential to improve spatial efficiency. Therefore, multifunctional furniture designed with functional, flexible, and sustainability principles can contribute to optimizing collaborative spaces at “Work Unusual.” This study provides comprehensive design recommendations and can serve as a reference for the development of adaptive furniture in other collaborative spaces.
THE FLOUTING MAXIMS OF COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE ON STEVE’S INTERVIEWS TOWARDS BARACK OBAMA
This study aims to analyze and thoroughly describe the types of conversational maxim flouting carried out by Barack Obama during political interviews, based on Grice's four Cooperative Principle maxims: Quality, Quantity, Relevance, and Manner. The problem examined is how the utterances of a prominent politician disregard these maxims and what the pragmatic function realized through the resulting implicature is. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the utterance data were collected from two segments of Obama's interviews with Steve Inskeep on the NPR YouTube channel in June and December 2016. The findings identify a total of 17 utterances that flouted maxims, covering the Maxim of Quality (through statements containing uncertainty), the Maxim of Relevance (by shifting the focus of discussion), the Maxim of Quantity (by providing excessive information), and the Maxim of Manner (by using ambiguous or overly wordy language). This maxim flouting is concluded to be a deliberate pragmatic strategy (implicature) in political communication, utilized to control the public narrative, avoid controversy or criticism, and present complex views, which the implied meaning was proven to be well-understood by the interlocutor.
ANALYSIS OF REMAINING SERVICE LIFE OF PAVEMENT ON THE SUMENGKO – BANDUNGREJO ROAD SECTION BOJONEGORO REGENCY STA 0+000 TO 2+770
Bojonegoro Regency is located in East Java Province, west of the provincial capital. The regency covers an area of ​​230,706 hectares and borders seven other regencies. [1]. Bojonegoro as a contributor of 25 percent of national production has made Bojonegoro designated as the location for implementing the National Strategic Program (PSN) for the construction of a bioethanol factory [2]. The planned location is in Gayam District, Bojonegoro Regency. The location has been visited by two investors [2]. The road section that is the main access point for the planned bioethanol factory location is the Sumengko – Bandungrejo road section STA 0+000 - 2+770. Due to the importance of this road section to support the National Strategic Project (PSN), it is necessary to estimate the remaining planned life of the road and estimate the cost of road rehabilitation for current conditions. The remaining planned life is calculated using the AASHTO 1993 method dan Manual Desain Perkerasan Jalan (MDP) 2024 with LHR data in 2023 which will then be calculated to be actual CESAL in 2027 and 2033. Furthermore, the analysis of road rehabilitation costs is calculated according to the guidelines SE Direktur Jenderal Bina Konstruksi 30/SE/Dk/2025 with unit price data and technical data. The remaining services life of the road based on the actual CESAL in 2027 is 67.54% and based on the actual CESAL in 2033 it is 46.43%. The road rehabilitation costs required are Rp. 1,828,617,800.00 to overlay asphalt on spot 2 (STA 0+750 to 1+900) and repair of road shoulders with gabions amounting to Rp. 141,563,400.00 on spot 3 (STA 2+000 to 2+020).
THE VIEWS OF THE BOOK AL-MAJMU' SYARH AL-MUHADZDZAB, IMAM AL-NAWAWI ON THE LAW OF BANK INTEREST
The issue of bank interest is still an important debate in the study of Islamic economics, especially related to its legal status which is associated with the prohibition of usury in the Qur'an and Sunnah. This study aims to analyze the law of bank interest based on the perspective of classical fiqh by focusing on the views of Imam al-Nawawi in the book Al-Majmu' Syarḥ al-Muhadzdzab. This study uses a qualitative method with a normative approach through literature studies. The main source of data is the book Al-Majmu' by Imam al-Nawawi, which is supported by classical and contemporary fiqh literature, scientific journals, and fatwas of relevant Islamic institutions. The data was analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method by examining additional concepts (ziyādah) in loan contracts (al-qardh) and the classification of usury, especially riba nasi'ah, then relating them to bank interest practices in the modern banking system. The results of the study show that Imam al-Nawawi expressly stated that any addition required in the debt-receivables contract is forbidden riba and causes the contract to become a façade. In addition, additions that are based solely on the delay of time are included in the category of riba nasi'ah whose haram has been agreed upon by the scholars. Based on this framework, bank interest which is certain, determined from the beginning of the contract, and based on time substantially meets the criteria of riba according to the view of Imam al-Nawawi. Thus, from the perspective of the Shafi'i school, bank interest is included in riba and the law is haram, so that the development of the Islamic financial system is an urgent need to realize justice and economic benefits.
THE LEGAL IMPACT OF PALM OIL PLANTATIONS ON MARGINALISED COMMUNITIES: EFFECTS ON LAND ACCESS, INVOLVEMENT IN THE ECONOMIC VALUE CHAIN, AND STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING SOCIO-ECONOMIC WELFARE
This study analyses the legal impact of oil palm plantations on marginalised communities in Indonesia, focusing on the effects on land access, involvement in the economic value chain, and strategies for improving socio-economic welfare. Using a qualitative legal-empirical approach, the study found that regulations such as Law No. 39/2014 on Plantations and Law No. 5/1960 on Basic Agrarian Principles failed to protect the customary rights of indigenous peoples due to the prioritisation of HGU (right to cultivate) that ignored FPIC (free, prior and informed consent), causing massive agrarian conflicts and economic marginalisation where communities only capture 10-20% of the value of the supply chain as primary labourers. The proposed reform strategies include strengthening 50:50 plasma partnerships, agroforestry diversification, women's empowerment through CSR, and market digitalisation to increase income by up to 40%, in line with Constitutional Court Decision No. 35/PUU-X/2012 and the ISPO 2030 target.
plasma-inti (smallholder-largeholder partnership)
Copyright (c) 2025 INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education
HOSPITAL LAW: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF OPERATIONAL ASPECTS, MANAGEMENT, AND LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF HOSPITALS IN THE CONTEXT OF HEALTH SERVICES AND LEGAL PROTECTION FOR MEDICAL PERSONNEL
Hospital law in Indonesia comprehensively regulates the operational, managerial, and legal responsibilities of institutions in healthcare services, as stipulated in Law-Law Number 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals, which emphasises the obligations of good hospital governance, quality control, risk management, and joint liability for systemic negligence such as medical record failures, emergency response, and nosocomial infection control. This study uses a normative juridical approach to analyse the primary responsibility of hospitals based on Article 1365 of the Civil Code and Supreme Court decisions, which indicate that institutions are responsible for managerial defects even when medical personnel are involved, thus requiring the integration of strict SOPs and risk committees to balance accountability with operational efficiency. In parallel, the legal protection of medical personnel is guaranteed through Law-Law Number 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice and the principle of error in judicio, with the role of hospitals in supporting vicarious liability, informed consent, and Good Samaritan immunity, despite challenges such as criminal litigation based on Article 351 of the Criminal Code and SLAPP suits demanding reforms such as a national risk guarantee fund to maintain professionalism without sacrificing patient rights. The study concludes that harmonisation between institutional responsibility and individual protection is essential for a sustainable health system, with recommendations for strengthening preventive regulations, specialised medical courts, and cross-professional legal training to achieve fair legal certainty.
HOSPITAL LAW IN INDONESIA: OPERATIONAL REGULATIONS, MANAGEMENT, AND LEGAL OBLIGATIONS OF HOSPITALS IN ENSURING LEGAL CERTAINTY AND PATIENT PROTECTION BASED ON LAW NUMBER 44 OF 2009
This study analyses the operational arrangements, management, and legal obligations of hospitals in Indonesia based on Law No. 44 of 2009 to ensure legal certainty and patient protection, using a normative juridical approach with a descriptive-analytical review of Articles 4-28 on operations (classification, licensing, facilities, human resources) and Articles 29-46 on management (organisational structure, informed consent, vicarious liability, sanctions), which reveals the strength of regulations in creating comprehensive standards despite implementation gaps such as regional disparities and a lack of digital adaptation. The findings indicate that the law is effective as a foundation for good hospital governance, in line with the National Health Insurance (JKN) and constitutional health rights, but requires strengthened supervision, mandatory malpractice insurance, and harmonisation with the latest Health Law to optimise patient protection in the post-pandemic era. Recommendations include the digitisation of licensing, director certification, and pre-litigation mediation to reduce legal disputes.
HEALTH FACILITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW APPROACH TO INFRASTRUCTURE AND MEDICAL EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT FOR OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF MODERN HEALTH SERVICES
Health facility and infrastructure management in Indonesia, with a focus on managing infrastructure (backup power systems, HVAC, clean water, hazardous waste) and medical equipment (ventilators, ultrasound machines, defibrillators) to achieve operational efficiency of up to 25% and the sustainability of modern services, using the PRISMA approach on the Garuda, Sinta, Neliti, and Scopus databases for the period 2019-2025, based on PMK Regulation No. 43/2019 IPSRS and MFK Regulation No. 26/2022, which identified gaps such as 20-30% downtime, a biomedical human resource deficit of 1:500, and vulnerability to the COVID-19 pandemic; The findings emphasise the preventive lifecycle, e-Sarpras digitalisation, and IoT predictive maintenance for 85% utilisation and a 3-year ROI, with PPP ESG recommendations and certification training to achieve net zero emissions in the 2025-2029 RPJMN.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE GUIDELINES AND SIGNIFICANT CORPORATE ACTIVITIES OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES: OPTIMISING RESTRUCTURING, STATE CAPITAL INCREASES, AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AS PILLARS OF SUSTAINABILITY AND COMPETITIVENESS IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY ERA
This study analyses the role of SOE governance guidelines in optimising significant corporate activities, namely restructuring, state capital injections (PMN), and business development, as key pillars of sustainability and competitiveness in the global economy. Through a descriptive-comparative literature review approach, the study explores two main discussions: the optimisation of governance in restructuring and PMN for structural efficiency and fiscal accountability, and ESG-based business development for innovation and global expansion. The results show that holistic governance guidelines—integrating transparency, accountability, and continuous evaluation—can overcome the challenges of political intervention and capability gaps, thereby improving the financial performance of SOEs and their contribution to national development. Recommendations include reforming digital governance regulations and strengthening the independence of the board of commissioners to realise the vision of Indonesia Emas 2045.
GUIDELINES FOR SIGNIFICANT CORPORATE ACTIVITIES OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES: MANAGEMENT OF ADDITIONAL STATE CAPITAL, RESTRUCTURING, AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES TO ENSURE THE SUSTAINABILITY AND GROWTH OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES
This study analyses the effectiveness of the Guidelines for Significant Corporate Activities of State-Owned Enterprises in integrating the management of Additional State Capital (PMN), organisational restructuring, and business development strategies to ensure the sustainability and growth of State-Owned Enterprises. Using a qualitative literature review approach with content analysis of the latest regulations (Minister of State-Owned Enterprises Regulations PER-01/MBU/07/2024, PER-02/MBU/03/2023, PER-03/MBU/12/2023) and over 90 national and international academic references, the study found that the synergy of these three elements successfully increased the average ROE by 12-15%, EBITDA margin by 15%, and ESG scoring to 70/100 in strategic holdings such as MIND ID, Bio Farma, and Telkom Group. The main challenges include the independence of PMN evaluation, cultural resistance to restructuring, and regulatory uncertainty that hinders business agility. Strategic recommendations include PMN clawback clauses, blockchain monitoring digital dashboards, and a 10% PMN State Venture Fund for deep tech/green investment to achieve 20 SOEs in the global top 500 by 2030, in line with Indonesia's Golden Vision 2045.
ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF LOCAL PALM OIL PLANTATION LAWS ON THE WELFARE OF UNDERPRIVILEGED COMMUNITIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON LAND ACCESS, RESOURCE UTILISATION, AND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN THE PALM OIL SECTOR
This study analyses the social and economic impacts of local oil palm plantation laws on the welfare of disadvantaged communities through a literature review approach that integrates agrarian, political economy, and inclusive development perspectives. The main focus is on two dimensions: (1) land access and natural resource utilisation, where regional regulations such as spatial planning regulations and land use rights (HGU) tend to prioritise corporations, causing agrarian conflicts, marginalisation of customary land, and degradation of water and non-timber forests; and (2) economic opportunities and social welfare, including plasma-inti partnerships, CSR, and profit-sharing funds whose distribution is uneven due to local elite corruption and weak oversight. A synthesis of literature from journals, regulations, and NGO reports reveals patterns of structural inequality, in which disadvantaged communities are trapped as vulnerable labourers without long-term autonomy, even though the palm oil sector contributes significantly to the regional GDP. The conclusion emphasises the urgency of local legal reform based on participation, transparency, and distributive justice to transform palm oil into a driver of sustainable welfare.
INNOVATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM DESIGN: EFFECTIVE STRATEGY DESIGN AND UTILISATION OF LEARNING RESOURCES TO IMPROVE EDUCATION QUALITY FROM A LITERATURE REVIEW PERSPECTIVE
This study aims to analyse the concepts and practices of innovative learning system design through a literature review of various publications discussing effective strategies and the utilisation of learning resources to improve the quality of education. In facing the challenges of the 21st-century education revolution, learning systems are required to be more adaptive, collaborative, and oriented towards developing the competencies of learners. This study emphasises that the design of innovative learning strategies is not only related to the use of technology, but also includes a transformation of the pedagogical paradigm that places learners at the centre of the learning process. Effective learning strategies involve active interaction, project-based approaches, and the application of instructional design models such as ADDIE and TPACK that integrate pedagogical aspects with technology. Furthermore, the results of the literature review show that the use of learning resources — both conventional and digital — plays a significant role in creating meaningful and inclusive learning. The integration of digital learning resources, the use of Open Educational Resources (OER), and the development of students' digital literacy strengthen access to and equitable quality of education. In this context, the collaboration between learning strategies and learning resources is an important foundation in building an education ecosystem that is oriented towards competence, creativity, and sustainability. This study concludes that the success of an innovative learning system depends on the ability of educators to design adaptive strategies and manage learning resources effectively according to the needs of learners and institutional conditions.
This research aims to examine the history of Wahbah al-Zuhayli's thought as one of the great contemporary scholars who contributed significantly to the development of modern Islamic law. The focus of the study is directed at the educational background, intellectual development, main works, and methodological character of his thinking in the field of fiqh, fiqh proposals, and moderation of Islamic law. This research uses a qualitative method with a type of library research and a historical-philosophical approach to trace the dynamics of al-Zuhayli's thought in the historical and social context of his time. Data were obtained from Wahbah al-Zuhayli's primary works as well as relevant secondary literature, then analyzed descriptive-analytically. The results of the study show that Wahbah al-Zuhayli's thought is rooted in the classical fiqh tradition but is developed contextually through the approach of moderation (wasathiyah), maqasid al-shariah, and comparative fiqh. This approach makes him able to bridge the gap between the nash shar'i and modern social reality without being trapped in sectarian fanaticism or legal liberalism. The findings of this study confirm that Wahbah al-Zuhayli's contribution is not only important in the academic realm, but also has major implications for strengthening religious moderation, the development of contemporary fiqh, and the application of Islamic law that is adaptive and oriented to the benefit of the ummah, including in the context of Islam in Indonesia.